Boron stress, oxidative damage and antioxidant protection in potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Figures & data

Figure 1. Shoot height of the potato (S. tuberosum L.) cultivars grown under increasing boron concentrations for 15 days.

Figure 2. Shoot fresh weight of the potato (S. tuberosum L.) cultivars grown under increasing boron concentrations for 15 days.

Figure 3. Root fresh weight of the potato (S. tuberosum L.) cultivars grown under increasing boron concentrations for 15 days.

Figure 4. F_v/F_m of the potato (S. tuberosum L.) cultivar leaves grown under increasing boron concentrations for 15 days. Different letters denote significant differences in comparison to the control, assessed by ANOVA.

Figure 5. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the potato (S. tuberosum L.) cultivars grown under increasing boron concentrations for 15 days. Different letters denote significant differences in comparison to the control, assessed by ANOVA. FW, fresh weight.

Figure 6. dehydroascorbic acid, ascorbic acid (Asc.) and total ascorbic acid (Tot.) content of the potato (S. tuberosum L.) cultivars grown under increasing boron concentrations for 15 days. Different letters denote significant differences in comparison to the control, assessed by ANOVA.

Figure 7. Reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione content of the potato (S. tuberosum L.) cultivars grown under increasing boron concentrations for 15 days. Different letters denote significant differences in comparison to the control, assessed by ANOVA.

Table 1. SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities of the leaves of the potato (S. tuberosum L.) cultivars grown under increasing boron concentrations for 15 days. Dash denotes leaves that died in the boron treatment and determinations were not made.

	Van Gogh	Resy	Sultan	Agria	Agatha	Granola
SOD (mg^−1 protein)
Control	21.94 ± 4.33	11.04 ± 0.95	22.93 ± 4.39	4.1 ± 0.21	12.17 ± 0.97	19.74 ± 1.41
0.5 (mM)	20.26 ± 1.02	13.03 ± 0.76	22.7 ± 0.67	14.41 ± 0.57*	14.16 ± 2.02	29.31 ± 4.19*
2.5 (mM)	33.15 ± 6.63	17.38 ± 1.33	17.98 ± 1.03	13.78 ± 0.51*	11 ± 1.76	14.37 ± 0.75
5.0 (mM)	23.91 ± 2.86	16.87 ± 0.94*	20.7 ± 1.52	12.64 ± 0.89*	15.43 ± 2.84	14.2 ± 0.85
12.5 (mM)	31.2 ± 1.66	15.48 ± 1.06*	20.79 ± 1.29	12.08 ± 2.56*	9 ± 0.62	22.02 ± 2.2
25 (mM)	25.32 ± 2.47	12.96 ± 0.68*	18.61 ± 2.78	–	–	7.66 ± 1.18*
50 (mM)	26.27 ± 2.37	–	21.24 ± 3.97	–	5.88 ± 0.47	–
CAT (nmol H2O2 min^−1 mg^−1 protein)
Control	4.81 ± 0.59	11.68 ± 0.51	5 ± 0.61	7.19 ± 0.07	7.97 ± 0.41	9.54 ± 0.15
0.5 (mM)	4.72 ± 0.67	10.53 ± 0.41*	4.22 ± 0.91	9.77 ± 0.35*	7.36 ± 0.26	5.34 ± 0.68*
2.5 (mM)	5.83 ± 1.29	9.53 ± 0.28*	2.69 ± 0.17*	6.61 ± 0.33	7.07 ± 0.22	6.89 ± 0.4*
5.0 (mM)	3.25 ± 0.22	7.35 ± 0.46*	1.52 ± 0.23*	6.86 ± 0.35	6.88 ± 0.45	5.06 ± 0.83*
12.5 (mM)	2.26 ± 0.24*	6.59 ± 0.29*	0.86 ± 0.19*	4.88 ± 0.29*	6.42 ± 0.25*	2.63 ± 0.4*
25 (mM)	1.86 ± 0.34*	3.9 ± 0.25*	1.58 ± 0.27*	–	–	3.42 ± 0.5*
50 (mM)	1.58 ± 0.35*	–	2.18 ± 0.44*	–	5.91 ± 0.37*	–
APX (nmol ascorbate min^−1 mg^−1 protein)
Control	265 ± 16.13	1595.8 ± 77.8	460.7 ± 15.3	1175.1 ± 0.5	1046.1 ± 27.6	1349.6 ± 19.5
0.5 (mM)	276.4 ± 39.5	1789.6 ± 95.7	411.5 ± 40.7	1680.1 ± 141.7*	1011.6 ± 12.6	1295.7 ± 70.4
2.5 (mM)	367.2 ± 14.2	1867.9 ± 62.6	422.4 ± 36.9	1704.8 ± 50.9*	1475.2 ± 33.7*	1672.17 ± 54.7
5.0 (mM)	363.4 ± 50.7	1966.1 ± 115.5*	477.1 36.9	1602.7 ± 92.3	1453.2 ± 9.7*	1941 ± 111.3*
12.5 (mM)	370.2 ± 38.5	1905.3 ± 49.9*	545.6 ± 8.5	2023.4 ± 4.2*	1371.3 ± 15.4*	1974.4 ± 35.4*
25 (mM)	280.9 ±4.7	1811.2 ± 102*	675.3 ± 26*	–	–	2192.8 ± 73.7*
50 (mM)	336.6 ± 19.5	–	783.1 ± 18.9	–	1840.9 ± 50.5*	–
GR (nmol NADPH min^−1 mg^−1 protein)
Control	12.33 ± 0.62	30.42 ± 2.98	15.24 ± 5.4	37.46 ± 5	13.56 ± 2.05	19.41 ± 2.68
0.5 (mM)	16.59 ± 5	30.4 ± 2.04	14.97 ± 7.44	34.5 ± 1.86	14.52 ± 3.39	28.23 ± 4.84
2.5 (mM)	9.61 ± 1.68	37.75 ± 2.36	7.60 ± 1.49	24.45 ± 3.26	25.13 ± 3.1*	17.84 ± 3.26
5.0 (mM)	30.23 ± 1.14*	24.61 ± 2.22	6.67 ± 0.93*	18.21 ± 3.66*	10.79 ± 1.57	19.88 ± 4.52
12.5 (mM)	21.38 ± 0.46	30.65 ± 0.62	8.78 ± 1.58	7.95 ± 2.43*	26.25 ± 1.66*	9.98 ± 2.18
25 (mM)	25.86 ± 5.7	44.11 ± 7.03	5.8 ± 0.35	–	–	19.39 ± 1.70
50 (mM)	11.33 ± 1.2	–	4.87 ± 0.14*	–	19.82 ± 2.68	–

Notes: (±) Standard error of mean of four samples. APX, ascorbate peroxidase; CAT, catalase; GR, glutathione reductase; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

*p < 0.05 of control values.