English medium higher education in Hong Kong: linguistic challenges of local and non-local students

Figures & data

Figure 1. Self-assessment of academic language skills. Scale: 1 = very easy, 7 = very difficult.

Figure 2. Most difficult aspects of writing, reading, speaking, and listening.

Scale: 1 = very easy, 7 = very difficult.

Figure 3. Academic challenges by L1 groups. Scale: 1 = very easy, 7 = very difficult.

Table 1. Mean scores of three L1 groups for academic challenges.

	1. Cantonese (CL1)			2. Putonghua (PL1)			3. Other (OL1)
Skill:	N	Mean	(SD)	N	Mean	(SD)	N	Mean	(SD)	F	Adjusted p value
Writing	484	4.11	(.97)	106	4.29	(.89)	46	3.85	(.94)	3.815	.025*
Reading	484	3.84	(1.02)	106	3.89	(1.02)	46	3.47	(.92)	3.674	.029*
Speaking	484	3.79	(1.10)	106	3.79	(1.14)	46	3.29	(1.11)	4.299	.016*
Listening	484	3.26	(.93)	106	3.27	(1.11)	46	2.92	(.95)	2.777	.067

Note. *p < .05