Australia's regional innovation systems: inter-industry interaction in innovative activities in three Australian territories

Figures & data

Table 1. Average sectoral location quotients in the three territories, 2009–2010.

	NSW	VIC	QLD
ERB	0.866	0.98	1.223
KIBS	1.07	1.096	0.783
NIS	1.136	0.991	0.806
PIS	0.983	1.053	0.964
SCI	0.818	1.321	0.897
SCB	1.067	1.255	0.601
SDG	0.97	1.2	0.811
SDS	1.165	1.019	0.731
OI	0.976	0.966	1.075

Note: Based on ABS Data (2013b; 2014a; 2015). Author's own calculations.

Figure 1. Share of each sectoral source of funding in gross expenditure on R&D in the three territories, 2008–2009.

Note: Based on ABS Data (2010).

Table 2. Average sectoral degree of vertical integration in the three territories, 2009–2010.

	NSW (%)	VIC (%)	QLD (%)
ERB	35.8	39.7	52.3
KIBS	71.5	73.5	81.6
NIS	52	53.7	29.8
PIS	37.7	33.8	33.1
SCI	49.9	43.6	41.8
SCB	64.2	74.9	67.8
SDG	42.4	37.3	42.1
SDS	28.1	31.1	31.6
OI	19.3	28.6	24.8

Note: Based on ABS Data (2013a; 2013b; 2014a; 2015). Author's own calculations.

Table 3. Strength centralisation within the three territories in 2009–2010.

	In-centralisation	Out-centralisation
NSW	10.603	13.884
VIC	4.711	5.238
QLD	5.272	7.056

Note: Based on ABS Data (2013a; 2013b; 2014a; 2015). Author's own calculations.

Table 4. Average sectoral strength centrality scores and average Gini-Index (figures in brackets) for the three territories, 2009–2010.

	Average in-strength			Average out-strength
	NSW	VIC	QLD	NSW	VIC	QLD
ERB	0.0119	0.0063	0.0091	0.0157	0.0095	0.0679
	(0.851)	(0.801)	(0.804)	(0.801)	(0.807)	(0.773)
KIBS	0.0064	0.0076	0.0057	0.078	0.0992	0.1331
	(0.814)	(0.754)	(0.808)	(0.727)	(0.726)	(0.769)
NIS	0.0807	0.041	0.0434	0.0976	0.366	0.0124
	(0.896)	(0.836)	(0.86)	(0.715)	(0.718)	(0.752)
PIS	0.0302	0.0433	0.0375	0.0311	0.0348	0.0266
	(0.721)	(0.714)	(0.789)	(0.585)	(0.599)	(0.629)
SCI	0.0058	0.0074	0.0099	0.0131	0.0233	0.0245
	(0.839)	(0.789)	(0.894)	(0.772)	(0.774)	(0.801)
SCB	0.013	0.0092	0.0103	0.0317	0.0594	0.0279
	(0.777)	(0.707)	(0.883)	(0.646)	(0.656)	(0.68)
SDG	0.005	0.0055	0.0054	0.0101	0.0107	0.0067
	(0.737)	(0.69)	(0.759)	(0.775)	(0.783)	(0.798)
SDS	0.014	0.0201	0.0149	0.0021	0.0045	0.002
	(0.795)	(0.765)	(0.755)	(0.691)	(0.696)	(0.736)
OI	0.0336	0.0389	0.0453	0.005	0.0083	0.0094
	(0.762)	(0.705)	(0.765)	(0.728)	(0.728)	(0.772)

Note: Based on ABS Data (2013a; 2013b; 2014a; 2015). Author's own calculations.

Figure 2. Top-5 clusters in NSW, VIC and QLD, 2009–2010. Note that the width of arrows reflects the weight of the linkage and this is also amenable for a comparison across regions. Clusters have been illustrated by using the open source software Cytoscape. Based on ABS Data (2013a; 2013b; 2014a; 2015).

Note: Author's own calculations.

Table A.1. Merged Industry Classification based on ANZSIC06.

Industry	ANZSIC06	ISIC Rev.	Castellacci Taxonomy
	Code	3.1 Code	(modified)
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	01-05	01-05	ERB
Mining	06-10	10-14	ERB
Food Product Manufacturing	11	15	SDG
Beverage and Tobacco Product
Manufacturing	12	15, 16	SDG
Textile, Leather, Clothing and
Footwear Manufacturing	13	17-19	SDG
Wood Product Manufacturing	14	20	SDG
Pulp, Paper and Converted Paper
Product Manufacturing Printing
(including the Reproduction of Recorded Media)	15-16	21-22	SDG
Petroleum and Coal Product Manufacturing	17	23	ERB
Basic Chemical and Chemical
Product Manufacturing	18	24	SCB
Polymer Product and Rubber
Product Manufacturing	19	25	SCI
Non-Metallic Mineral
Product Manufacturing	20	26	SCI
Primary Metal and
Metal Product Manufacturing	21	27	SCI
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing	22	28	SCI
Transport Equipment Manufacturing	23	34-35	SCI
Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing	24	29-32	SCB
Furniture and Other Manufacturing	25	36	SDG
Electricity Supply	26	40	OI
Gas Supply; Water Supply, Sewerage
and Drainage Services; Waste Collection,		40,
Treatment and Disposal Services	27-29	41, 90	OI
Building Construction	30	45	OI
Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction	31	45	OI
Construction Services	32	70,45	OI
Wholesale Trade	33-38	50-51	PIS
Retail Trade	39-43	50,52	SDS
Accommodation and Food Services	44-45	55	SDS
Transport, Postal and Warehousing	46-53	60-64	PIS
Publishing (except Internet
and Music Publishing)	54	22,74,72	SDS
Broadcasting (except Internet)	56	92	SDS
Internet Publishing and Broadcasting;
Internet Service Providers, Web Search Portals
and Data Processing Services	57, 59	72	SDS
Motion Picture and Sound Recording Activities;
Telecommunication Services; Library and Other	55, 58, 60	64, 72,
Information Services		74, 92	NIS
Finance	62	65	NIS
Insurance and Superannuation Funds,
Auxiliary Finance and Insurance Services	63-64	66-67	NIS
Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services	66-67	70-71	NIS
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
(Except Computer System Design
and Related Services)	69	73-74	KIBS
Computer System Design and Related Services	70	72	KIBS
Administration Services and Support Services;	72-73,
Public Administration and Safety	75-77	74-75	OI
Education and Training	80-82	80	OI
Health Care and Social Assistance	84-87	85	OI
Arts and Recreation Services	89-92	92	SDS
Other Services	94-96	93-97	OI

Note that the 3rd column shows the corresponding ISIC Rev. 3.1 Code and the 4th column the assigment of each industry to a modified version of the Castellacci taxonomy.

Table C.1. Industry strength centrality scores for the three territories, 2009-2010. Based on ABS Data (2013a, 2013b, 2014a, 2015). Author's own calculations.

	In-Strength			Out-Strength
ANZSIC06 Code	NSW	VIC	QLD	NSW	VIC	QLD
01-05	0.0085	0.008	0.0056	0.0062	0.0034	0.0144
06-10	0.0162	0.0024	0.0045	0.0382	0.0125	0.1834
11	0.0139	0.0171	0.0215	0.0187	0.0381	0.0247
12	0.0086	0.0059	0.0001	0.0023	0.0037	0.0024
13	0.0025	0.0043	0.0012	0.0009	0.0028	0.0009
14	0.0003	0.0003	0.0006	0.0084	0.0037	0.0091
15-16	0.0012	0.0014	0.0007	0.0292	0.0125	0.0012
17	0.0109	0.0085	0.0172	0.0028	0.0126	0.0058
18	0.0082	0.0095	0.0079	0.0144	0.0528	0.0193
19	0.0014	0.0035	0.0017	0.0071	0.0219	0.0055
20	0.0004	0.0003	0.0016	0.0119	0.0111	0.0327
21	0.0156	0.0016	0.0165	0.0238	0.0079	0.0513
22	0.0024	0.0022	0.0042	0.0185	0.0121	0.0233
23	0.0091	0.0293	0.0255	0.004	0.0633	0.0097
24	0.0178	0.009	0.0126	0.0491	0.0661	0.0365
25	0.0032	0.0043	0.0086	0.0009	0.0032	0.0017
26	0.0093	0.0062	0.0376	0.0026	0.0171	0.0075
27-29	0.0065	0.0065	0.0036	0.0076	0.0139	0.0164
30	0.0724	0.0697	0.0802	0.0048	0.0085	0.0261
31	0.0286	0.0277	0.0706	0.0022	0.0059	0.0157
32	0.0237	0.0284	0.0433	0.0152	0.0096	0.0105
33-38	0.0339	0.0384	0.0469	0.0515	0.054	0.0283
39-43	0.0363	0.0479	0.0382	0.0013	0.0067	0.0026
44-45	0.0286	0.0417	0.0361	0.0001	0.0007	0.001
46-53	0.0264	0.0482	0.0281	0.0108	0.0156	0.025
54	0.0039	0.0031	0.001	0.0061	0.0154	0.0032
56	0.003	0.0015	0.0004	0.0025	0.0001	0.0002
57,59	0.0008	0.0004	0.0002	0.0026	0.0018	0.0042
55,58,60	0.0122	0.0187	0.0139	0.0187	0.03	0.006
62	0.0089	0.0094	0.0063	0.3445	0.0853	0.0361
63-64	0.0332	0.0123	0.0108	0.0238	0.0215	0.005
66-67	0.2686	0.1236	0.1428	0.0035	0.0097	0.0025
69	0.0084	0.0073	0.0077	0.0938	0.135	0.156
70	0.0044	0.008	0.0037	0.0622	0.0635	0.1101
72-73,75-77	0.0587	0.0673	0.0684	0.0102	0.0145	0.0051
80-82	0.024	0.0338	0.0348	0.0001	0	0
84-87	0.0606	0.0758	0.0506	0.0001	0.0002	0.0001
89-92	0.0116	0.0257	0.0137	0.0001	0.0022	0.0011
94-96	0.0183	0.035	0.019	0.0021	0.005	0.0034

Table C.2. Gini-Indexes for the three territories, 2009-2010. Based on ABS Data (2013a, 2013b, 2014a, 2015). Author's own calculations.

	Gini-Index (In-Strength)			Gini-Index (Out-Strength)
ANZSIC06 Code	NSW	VIC	QLD	NSW	VIC	QLD
01-05	0.81	0.7701	0.725	0.8675	0.88	0.8845
06-10	0.7834	0.7112	0.7133	0.8381	0.8472	0.7001
11	0.7594	0.6688	0.8335	0.8281	0.8365	0.8568
12	0.7734	0.6656	0.6979	0.9411	0.9432	0.9432
13	0.7243	0.7231	0.7104	0.6785	0.6814	0.6935
14	0.6757	0.6603	0.7211	0.8556	0.8543	0.865
15-16	0.6961	0.737	0.7454	0.635	0.6376	0.6746
17	0.9608	0.9223	0.9725	0.6981	0.6925	0.7336
18	0.7288	0.6732	0.9023	0.6177	0.6212	0.653
19	0.8128	0.8902	0.8302	0.6607	0.6652	0.7388
20	0.7735	0.6964	0.9384	0.8441	0.8463	0.8694
21	0.9423	0.8652	0.9705	0.7738	0.7782	0.7736
22	0.8745	0.7374	0.9139	0.7529	0.757	0.7941
23	0.7905	0.7534	0.8153	0.8266	0.8228	0.83
24	0.8253	0.7398	0.8644	0.6738	0.6917	0.7063
25	0.7945	0.6872	0.8483	0.7092	0.746	0.7523
26	0.8727	0.7566	0.9497	0.6156	0.6361	0.6772
27-29	0.8099	0.7281	0.7199	0.6899	0.694	0.7532
30	0.6979	0.6252	0.7283	0.8218	0.8199	0.8632
31	0.7168	0.6675	0.7716	0.7562	0.756	0.7863
32	0.7092	0.6312	0.7353	0.8579	0.8581	0.8783
33-38	0.7361	0.6452	0.8567	0.5728	0.5844	0.6236
39-43	0.7331	0.6913	0.719	0.6115	0.6103	0.6609
44-45	0.7129	0.7157	0.7561	0.6158	0.614	0.6626
46-53	0.7054	0.7827	0.7213	0.5975	0.6143	0.6335
54	0.864	0.7531	0.7334	0.7236	0.7266	0.7563
56	0.8771	0.8629	0.778	0.8367	0.8383	0.8487
57,59	0.8765	0.871	0.8434	0.6337	0.6488	0.706
55,58,60	0.7967	0.7346	0.8095	0.6326	0.6369	0.6825
62	0.9179	0.8947	0.9337	0.8237	0.8184	0.8717
63-64	0.9576	0.9157	0.9154	0.7287	0.7358	0.7569
66-67	0.9137	0.7998	0.7817	0.674	0.6792	0.6959
69	0.8057	0.7003	0.7773	0.6861	0.6809	0.754
70	0.8216	0.8077	0.8385	0.7672	0.7721	0.7831
72-73,75-77	0.7942	0.7244	0.8125	0.669	0.6583	0.7381
80-82	0.7549	0.6703	0.7464	0.6502	0.6557	0.7052
84-87	0.7594	0.7232	0.7109	0.8044	0.7991	0.8239
89-92	0.709	0.6934	0.6982	0.7274	0.7395	0.7825
94-96	0.7414	0.8143	0.7149	0.6851	0.6743	0.7207

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