When do daily unattained tasks boost job performance? The moderating role of employee reflexivity and mindfulness

Figures & data

Figure 1. The hypothesized model.

Table 1. Multilevel regression estimates for previous-day lack of closure predicting day-level task performance (N = 209 employees and 513 occasions).

	M1			M2			M3a			M3b
Model Variables	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β
Intercept	5.51	.05		5.51	.05		5.50	.05		5.51	.05
Previous-day lack of closure	-.02	.03	-.02	-.02	.03	-.02	-.02	.03	-.03	-.01	.03	-.01
Day-level mindfulness				.08	.05	.06	.08	.05	.06	.08	.05	.06
Trait-level reflexivity				.27**	.09	.17**	.27**	.09	.17**	.28**	.09	.18**
Previous-day lack of closure × Day-level mindfulness							.15**	.05	.12**
Previous-day lack of closure × Trait-level reflexivity										-.09	.06	-.06
−2 × log		1237.59			1226.07			1217.93			1222.25
Δ − 2 × log		670.65**			11.52**			8.14**			3.82
df		1			2			1			1
		.46(.04)			.45(.04)			.44(.04)			.43(.04)
Level 1 intercept variance		.28(.05)			.27(.05)			.28(.05)			.27(.05)

Note. *p < .05, **p < .01.

Table 2. Multilevel regression estimates for day-level lack of closure predicting day-level task performance (N = 209 employees and 810 occasions).

	M1		M2	M3a
Model Variables	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β	M3b	B	SE B	β	B	SE B	β
Intercept	5.55	.04		5.55	.04			5.54	.04		5.55	.04
Day-level lack of closure	-.03	.02	-.04	-.03	.02	-.03		-.03	.02	-.03	-.04	.02	-.05
Day-level mindfulness				.06	.04	.05		.07	.04	.05	.07	.04	.05
Trait-level reflexivity				.24**	.08	.15**		.24**	.08	.15**	.24**	.08	.15**
Day-level lack of closure × Day-level mindfulness								-.03	.04	-.02
Day-level lack of closure × Trait-level reflexivity											.16**	.04	.11**
−2 × log		1906.3			1893.76				1893.27			1876.80
Δ − 2 × log		1.94			12.55**				.49			16.96**
df		1			2				1			1
Level 2 intercept variance variance		.46(.03)			.45(.03)				.45(.03)			.43(.03)
Level 1 intercept variance		.26(.04)			.25(.04)				.25(.04)			.25(.04)

Note. *p < .05, **p < .01.

Table 3. Means, standard deviations and intercorrelations of study variables.

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5
1. Trait-level reflexivity	4.70	.54	–
2. Day-level lack of closure	3.90	1.22	-.06	–	-.26**	-.11**	-.06
3. Previous-day lack of closure	3.92	1.27	-.05	.97**	–	.01	-.03
4. Day-level mindfulness	4.90	.92	.14*	-.21**	-.19**	–	.08*
5. Day-level task performance	4.56	.87	.21**	-.23**	-.24**	.20**	–

Note. Correlations above the diagonal refer to within-level of analysis, whereas correlations below the diagonal refer to the between-level of analysis; *p < .05, **p < .01.

Figure 2. The link between previous-day lack of closure and day-level performance moderated by day-level mindfulness.

Figure 3. The link between day-level lack of closure and day-level performance moderated by trait-level reflexivity.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/8zbfa/, doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/8ZBFA; the current paper uses the same sample (but not the same variables) as Petrou, P., Baas, M., & Roskes, M. (2020). From prevention focus to adaptivity and creativity: the role of unfulfilled goals and work engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29, 36-48.