What drives retail entrepreneurs’ intentions to engage in CSR? The effects of societal concern, social pressure and state anxiety

Figures & data

Figure 1. Theoretical model of the study.

Note. (*) Environmental, economic, and social dimensions

Figure 2. Inverse U-shaped relationship.

Note. (*) Environmental, economic, and socialdimensions

Table 1. Correlations

	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	7.
1. Anxiety	(0.835)
2. Societal concerns	0.190	(0.834)
3. Environmental CSR social pressure	0.362	0.114	(0.916)
4. Economic CSR social pressure	0.407	0.180	0.669	(0.890)
5. Social CSR social pressure	0.359	0.060	0.759	0.624	(0.941)
6. Environmental CSR intentions	0.381	0.039	0.752	0.554	0.633
7. Economic CSR intentions	0.352	0.043	0.643	0.621	0.543	0.662
8. Social CSR intentions	0.344	0.043	0.670	0.495	0.732	0.734	0.639

Note. N = 324. Pearson correlations. Cronbach’s alphas in brackets. Correlations above 0.10 significant at the 5% level.

Table 2. SEM estimations.

Relationships	Environmental CSR		Economic CSR		Social CSR
	Est.	p	Est.	p	Est.	p
State anxiety (R-square)	0.342		0.359		0.353
Societal concerns → State anxiety	0.543	0.000	0.478	0.000	0.505	0.000
Perceived CSR* social pressure → State anxiety	0.115	0.022	0.204	0.000	0.175	0.001
CSR intentions (R-square)	0.613		0.481		0.570
Societal concerns → CSR** intentions (H1)	0.151	0.008	0.248	0.000	0.174	0.010
Perceived CSR social pressure → CSR intentions (H2)	0.234	0.000	0.256	0.000	0.152	0.023
Mediation effects
Societal concerns → State anxiety → CSR intentions (H3)	0.075	0.039	0.128	0.000	0.144	0.000
Perceived CSR social pressure → State anxiety → CSR intentions (H4)	0.017	0.202	0.056	0.022	0.051	0.023
Quadratic effects
State anxiety → CSR intentions	0.136	0.030	0.268	0.000	0.285	0.000
State anxiety quadratic term → CSR intentions (H5)	−0.167	0.000	−0.209	0.000	−0.155	0.000

Note. N = 324; (*) Environmental CSR social pressure, Economic CSR social pressure, Social CSR social pressure; (**) Environmental CSR intentions, Economic CSR intentions, Social CSR intentions; Est. estimate..

Table

Items
Societal concern Economic
In my opinion, economic responsibility is an essential part of our firm’s sustainability work.
For me, it is very important that our firm is able to promote economic responsibility.
Environment
In my opinion, environmental responsibility is an essential part of our firm’s sustainability work.
For me, it is very important that our firm is able to promote environmental responsibility.
Social
In my opinion, social responsibility is an essential part of our firm’s sustainability work.
For me, it is very important that our firm is able to promote social responsibility.
Social pressure
Economic
In my opinion, our firm has faced increased expectations towards economic responsibility.
I feel that public pressure regarding economic responsibility has increased significantly.
Environment
In my opinion, our firm has faced increased expectations towards environmental responsibility.
I feel that public pressure regarding environmental responsibility has increased significantly.
Social
In my opinion, our firm has faced increased expectations towards social responsibility.
I feel that public pressure regarding social responsibility has increased significantly.
CSR Intentions
Economic: Our firm has a clear aim to promote economic responsibility in the near future.
Environment:Our firm has a clear aim to promote environmental responsibility in the near future.
Social: Our firm has a clear aim to promote social responsibility in the near future.
State anxiety At the moment regarding the challenges that the society is facing currently …
I feel upset; I feel frightened; I feel nervous; I feel jittery; I feel confused.