What drives retail entrepreneurs’ intentions to engage in CSR? The effects of societal concern, social pressure and state anxiety

References

• Abdelmoety, Z., S. Aboul-Dahab, and G. Agag. 2022. “A Cross Cultural Investigation of Retailers Commitment to CSR and Customer Citizenship Behaviour: The Role of Ethical Standard and Value Relevance.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 64:102796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102796.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguinis, H., and A. Glavas. 2019. “On Corporate Social Responsibility, Sensemaking, and the Search for Meaningfulness Through Work.” Journal of Management 45 (3): 1057–1086. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317691575.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ailawadi, K. L., S. A. Neslin, Y. J. Luan, and G. A. Taylor. 2014. “Does Retailer CSR Enhance Behavioral Loyalty? A Case for Benefit Segmentation.” International Journal of Research in Marketing 31 (2): 156–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2013.09.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I. 1991. “The Theory of Planned Behavior.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50:179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I., and N. Cote. 2008. “Attitudes and the Prediction of Behavior.” In Attitudes and Attitude Change, edited by W. D. Crano and R. Prislin, 289–311. New York: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I., and M. Fishbein. 1980. Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I., and M. Fishbein. 2000. “Attitudes and the Attitude-Behavior Relation: Reasoned and Automatic Processes.” European Review of Social Psychology 11 (1): 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779943000116.
   Google Scholar
• Ashman, I., and D. Winstanley. 2007. “For or Against Corporate Identity? Personification and the Problem of Moral Agency.” Journal of Business Ethics 76 (1): 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9270-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashrafi, M., M. Adams, T. Walker, and G. M. Magnan. 2018. “‘How Corporate Social Responsibility Can Be Integrated into Corporate Sustainability: A Theoretical Review of Their relationships’.” International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 25 (8): 672–682. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2018.1471628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baskentli, S., S. Sen, S. Du, and C. B. Bhattacharya. 2019. “Consumer Reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of CSR Domains.” Journal of Business Research 95:502–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben Youssef, K., T. Leicht, M. Pellicelli, and P. Kitchen. 2018. “The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for Branding and Business Success in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME) in a Business-To-Distributor (B2D) Context.” Journal of Strategic Marketing 26 (8): 723–739. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2017.1384038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blombäck, A., and C. AndWigren-Kristoferson. 2014. “Corporate Community Responsibility as an Outcome of Individual Embeddedness.” Social Responsibility Journal 10 (2): 297–315. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-05-2012-0061.
   Google Scholar
• Borges, J. A. R., C. H. F. Domingues, F. R. Caldara, N. P. D. Rosa, I. Senger, and D. G. F. Guidolin. 2019. “Identifying the Factors Impacting on Farmers’ Intention to Adopt Animal Friendly Practices.” Preventive Veterinary Medicine 170:104718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brammer, S., S. Hoejmose, and K. Marchant. 2012. “Environmental Management in SMEs in the UK: Practices, Pressures and Perceived Benefits.” Bus Strategy Environment 21:423–434.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, E., A. Hon, W. Chan, and F. Okumus. 2014. “What Drives employees’ Intentions to Implement Green Practices in Hotels? The Role of Knowledge, Awareness, Concern and Ecological Behaviour.” International Journal of Hospitality Management 40:20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.03.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayton, S. 2020. “Climate Anxiety: Psychological Responses to Climate Change.” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 74:102263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffey, Y., N. Bhullar, J. Durkin, M. S. Islam, and K. Usher. 2021. “Understanding Eco-Anxiety: A Systematic Scoping Review of Current Literature and Identified Knowledge Gaps.” The Journal of Climate Change and Health 3:100047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100047.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, L. J., N. Bahnan, M. Kelkar, and N. Curry. 2011. “Walking the Walk: How the Theory of Reasoned Action Explains Adult and Student Intentions to Go Green.” Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 27 (3): 107–116. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v27i3.4217.
   Google Scholar
• Conner, M., and C. J. Armitage. 1998. “Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review and Avenues for Further Research.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 28 (15): 1429–1464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01685.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlsrud, A. 2008. “How Corporate Social Responsibility is Defined: An Analysis of 37 Definitions.” Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 15 (1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dal Mas, F., W. Tucker, M. Massaro, and C. Bagnoli. 2022. “Corporate Social Responsibility in the Retail Business: A Case Study.” Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 29 (1): 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, V. T., N. Nguyen, and S. Pervan. 2020. “Retailer Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumer Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Perceived Consumer Effectiveness and Consumer Trust.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 55:102082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102082.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkington, J. 1997. Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business. Capstone, Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Endler, N. S., and N. L. Kocovski. 2001. “State and Trait Anxiety Revisited.” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 15 (3): 231–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(01)00060-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbein, M., and I. Ajzen. 1975. Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Gadenne, D., J. Kennedy, and C. McKeiver. 2009. “An Empirical Study of Environmental Awareness and Practices in SMEs.” Journal of Business Ethics 84 (1): 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9672-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, J., J. Zhao, J. Wang, and J. Wang. 2021. “The Influence Mechanism of Environmental Anxiety on Pro- Environmental Behaviour: The Role of Self-Discrepancy.” International Journal of Consumer Studies 45 (1): 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12604.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geiger, N., A. Gore, C. V. Squire, and S. Z. Attari. 2021. “Investigating Similarities and Differences in Individual Reactions to the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Climate Crisis.” Climatic Change 167 (1–2): 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03143-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gond, J., A. El Akremi, V. Swaen, and N. Babu. 2017. “The Psychological Microfoundations of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Person-Centric Systematic Review.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 38 (2): 225–246. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hale, J. L., B. J. Householder, and K. L. Greene. 2002. “The Theory of Reasoned Action.” In The Persuasion Handbook: Developments in Theory and Practice, 259–286. SAGE Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Han, M. S., and W. Chen. 2021. “Determinants of Eco-Innovation Adoption of Small and Medium Enterprises: An Empirical Analysis in Myanmar.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 173:121146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman, C. 2020. “We Need to (Find a Way To) Talk About … Eco-Anxiety.” Journal of Social Work Practice 34:411–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2020.1844166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg, T. L., S. K. Stanley, L. V. O’Brien, M. S. Wilson, and C. Watsford. 2021. “The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Scale.” Global Environmental Change 71:102391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamali, D., and R. Mirshak. 2007. “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Theory and Practice in a Developing Country Context.” Journal of Business Ethics 72 (3): 243–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9168-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins, H. 2004. “A Critique of Conventional CSR Theory: An SME Perspective.” Journal of General Management 29 (4): 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/030630700402900403.
   Google Scholar
• Joshua, J., Y. Jin, O. Ogunmokun, and J. Ikhide. 2023. “Hospitality for Sustainability: Employee Eco-Anxiety and Employee Green Behaviors in Green Restaurants.” Journal of Sustainable Tourism 31 (6): 1356–1372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, E. H., and J. E. Givens. 2019. “Eco-habitus or Eco-powerlessness? Examining Environmental Concern across Social Class.” Sociological Perspectives 62 (5): 646–667. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121419836966.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, A., and R. K. Singh. 2022. “Does a Retailer’s Performance Depend on CSR Practices? A Stakeholder Theory Perspective from Developing Economy.” Benchmarking: An International Journal 29 (8): 2615–2638. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-07-2021-0384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loussaïef, L., S. Cacho-Elizondo, I. B. Pettersen, and A. E. Tobiassen. 2014. “Do CSR Actions in Retailing Really Matter for Young Consumers? A Study in France and Norway.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 21 (1): 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.09.005.
   Google Scholar
• Ma, Y. J., H.-H. Lee, and K. andGoerlitz. 2016. “Transparency of Global Apparel Supply Chains: Quantitative Analysis of Corporate Disclosures.” Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 23 (5): 308–318. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, S., M. Akoorie, R. Hamann, and P. Sinha. 2010. “Environmental Practices in the Wine Industry: An Empirical Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action and Stakeholder Theory in the United States and New Zealand.” Journal of World Business 45 (4): 405–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2009.08.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mi, C., F. Chang, C. Lin, and Y. Chang. 2018. “The Theory of Reasoned Action to CSR Behavioral Intentions: The Role of CSR Expected Benefit, CSR Expected Effort and Stakeholders.” Sustainability 10 (12): 4462. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murillo, D., and J. M. Lozano. 2006. “SMEs and CSR: An Approach to CSR in Their Own Words.” Journal of Business Ethics 67 (3): 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9181-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidoo, R., and B. Fisher. 2020. “Reset Sustainable Development Goals for a Pandemic World.” Nature 583 (7815): 198–201. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01999-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyame-Asiamah, F., and S. Ghulam. 2019. “The Relationship Between CSR Activity and Sales Growth in the UK Retailing Sector.” Social Responsibility Journal 16 (3): 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-09-2018-0245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oduro, S., L. Bruno, and G. Maccario. 2021. “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in SMEs: What We Know, What We Don’t Know, and What We Should Know.” Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1951064.
   Google Scholar
• Ojala, M., A. Cunsolo, C. Ogunbode, and J. Middleton. 2021. “Anxiety, Worry, and Grief in a Time of Environmental and Climate Crisis: A Narrative Review.” Annual Review of Environment and Resources 46 (1): 35–58. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-022716.
   Google Scholar
• Paul, J., A. G. Modi, and J. D. Patel. 2016. “Predicting Green Product Consumption Using Theory of Planned Behavior and Reasoned Action.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 29:123–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.11.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pihkala, P. 2020. “Anxiety and the Ecological Crisis: An Analysis of Eco-Anxiety and Climate Anxiety.” Sustainability 12 (19): 7836. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197836.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezaei, R., L. Safa, C. A. Damalas, and M. M. Ganjkhanloo. 2019. “Drivers of farmers’ Intention to Use Integrated Pest Management: Integrating Theory of Planned Behavior and Norm Activation Model.” Journal of Environmental Management 236:328–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivis, A., P. Sheeran, and C. Armitage. 2009. “Expanding the Affective and Normative Components of the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Meta-Analysis of Anticipated Affect and Moral Norms.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 39 (12): 2985–3019. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00558.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, P. K. 2010. “Responsible Retailing: The Practice of CSR in Banana Plantations in Costa Rica.” Journal of Business Ethics 91 (2): 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0619-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rupp, D. E., and D. B. Mallory. 2015. “Corporate Social Responsibility: Psychological, Person-Centric, and Progressing.” The Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 2 (1): 211–236. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111505.
   Google Scholar
• Schramm-Klein, H., J. Zentes, S. Steinmann, B. Swoboda, and D. Morschett. 2016. “Retailer Corporate Social Responsibility is Relevant to Consumer Behavior.” Business & Society 55 (4): 550–575. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650313501844.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, A., and G. Singh. 2021. “Conceptualizing Corporate Social Responsibility Practice: An Integration of Obligation and Opportunity.” Social Responsibility Journal 18 (8): 1393–1408. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-08-2020-0325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sniehotta, F., J. Presseau, and V. Araújo-Soares. 2014. “Time to Retire the Theory of Planned Behaviour.” Health Psychology Review 8 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2013.869710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soundararajan, V., D. Jamali, and L. J. Spence. 2017. “Small Business Social Responsibility: A Critical Multilevel Review, Synthesis and Research Agenda.” International Journal of Management Reviews 20 (4): 934–956. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton, S. 1998. “Predicting and Explaining Intentions and Behavior: How Well are We Doing?” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 28 (15): 1317–1338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01679.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, J. K., and J. N. Hood. 1993. “The Practice of Corporate Social Performance in Minority-Versus Nonminority-Owned Small Businesses.” Journal of Business Ethics 12 (3): 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01686447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, N., M. van Gelderen, and L. Keppler. 2020. “No Need to Worry? Anxiety and Coping in the Entrepreneurship Process.” Frontiers in Psychology 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00398.
   Google Scholar
• Tiba, S., F. van Rijnsoever, and M. Hekkert. 2019. “Firms with Benefits: A Systematic Review of Responsible Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility Literature.” Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 26 (2): 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1682.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilley, F. 1999. “The Gap Between the Environmental Attitudes and the Environmental Behaviour of Small Firms.” Business Strategy and the Environment 8 (4): 238–248. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0836(199907/08)8:4<238:AID-BSE197>3.0.CO;2-M.
   Google Scholar
• Tilley, F. 2000. “Small Firm Environmental Ethics: How Deep Do They Go?” Business Ethics: A European Review 9 (1): 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00167.
   Google Scholar
• Tongo, C. I. 2015. “Social Responsibility, Quality of Work Life and Motivation to Contribute in the Nigerian Society.” Journal of Business Ethics 126 (2): 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1940-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trumbo, C., and G. Keefe. 2005. “Intention to Conserve Water: Environmental Values, Reasoned Action, and Information Effects Across Time.” Society & Natural Resources 18 (6): 573–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920590948002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhlaner, L. M., M. M. Berent-Braun, R. J. M. Jeurissen, and G. de Wit. 2012. “Beyond Size: Predicting Engagement in Environmental Management Practices of Dutch SMEs.” Journal of Business Ethics 109 (4): 411–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1137-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verplanken, B., E. Marks, and A. I. Dobromir. 2020. “On the Nature of Eco-Anxiety: How Constructive or Unconstructive is Habitual Worry About Global Warming?” Journal of Environmental Psychology 72:101528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Braun, J., K. Afsana, L. Fresco, and M. Hassan. 2021. “Food Systems: Seven Priorities to End Hunger and Protect the Planet.” Nature 597 (7874): 28–30. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02331-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., Z. Leviston, M. Hurlstone, C. Lawrence, and I. Walker. 2018. “Emotions Predict Policy Support: Why It Matters How People Feel About Climate Change.” Global Environmental Change 50:25–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.03.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, T., Q. Zhang, L. Song, and Y. Li. 2022. “Corporate Social Responsibility, Social Bonding and Place Attachment Among Entrepreneurs of Small and Medium‐Sized Tourism Enterprises.” International Journal of Tourism Research 24 (2): 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2493.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yáñez-Araque, B., J. Sánchez-Infante Hernánde, S. Gutiérrez-Broncano, and P. Jiménez-Estévez. 2021. “Corporate Social Responsibility in Micro-, Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Multigroup Analysis of Family Vs. Nonfamily Firms.” Journal of Business Research 124:581–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaman, R., T. Jain, G. Samara, and D. andJamali. 2022. “Corporate Governance Meets Corporate Social Responsibility: Mapping the Interface.” Business & Society 61 (3): 690–752. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650320973415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zsido, A. N., S. Teleki, K. Csókási, S. Rózsa, and S. Bandi. 2020. “Development of the Short Version of the Spielberger State—Trait Anxiety Inventory.” Psychiatry Research 291:11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar