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Research Article

Marketing of unhealthy brands during the 2018 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup UK broadcasts – a frequency analysis

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Pages 762-777 | Received 16 Dec 2020, Accepted 06 Aug 2021, Published online: 25 Aug 2021

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the coded games. Length of the broadcast and times of exposure to unhealthy brand references are presented as hours, minutes and seconds (hh:mm:ss). n- Number of coded games in the stage.

Table 2. Frequencies (n and %) of references and average number (avg. no) of exposures per game presented for each category of the variables of the codebooks.

Table 3. Average number of identical exposures in one entry.

Table 4. Average numbers of exposures and average numbers (no) of exposures per minute of broadcast presented per segment, in- and out of play segments and types of games. Results presented as means, standard deviations (SD) and standard errors of means (SE).

Supplemental material

Supplemental Material

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Data availability statement

The data set supporting this research is available on request from the corresponding author.