Innovations in spatial planning as a social process – phases, actors, conflicts

Figures & data

Table 1. Synopsis of areas of planning innovation represented in the sample.

Title of case study Abreviation/Acronym	New Urban Neighbourhoods NUN	Strategies for Temporary Uses STU	Neighbourhood Management NHM	Learning/Reflexive Region Policies LRP
Content (from → to)	Functionalist modernism → compact, mixed-use urban neighbourhoods	Illegal practice → instrument of urban development policies	Sectoral policy practice → multi-sectoral; multi-level and multi-actored interventions	Regions catching up → regions exploring new development trajectories
Predominant type of innovation	Incremental	Radical	Radical	Radical
Degree of maturity	High	Low	High	Medium
Historical timeframe	Since 1960	Since1990	Since 1970	Since 1980
Scale of intervention	Municipal/neighbourhood	Municipal/neighbourhood	Municipal/neighbourhood	Inter-municipal/regional
Selected embedded cases	Hamburg, Allermöhe; Munich, Riem	Duisburg, Marxloh; Hamburg, Altona	Berlin; Stuttgart	REGIONALE 2016, Westmünsterland; Competition Impulse Regions, Saxony
References/ detailed results of the analyses in the four areas	Zupan (2015, 2018) and Jessen and Zupan (2017)	Honeck (2015, 2017, 2018)	Koczy (2015, 2018)	Füg (2015) and Füg and Ibert (in this Special Issue)
	Across the case studies see Christmann, Ibert, Jessen, and Walther (2018)

Table 2. Innovations in spatial planning as a social process: dimensions and dynamics.

		Phases of innovation
		Incubating	Generating	Formatting	Stabilizing	Adjusting
Content and form of the innovation	Assemblage	Unconnected elements	First links between elements	Consolida-tion of elements and links	Variation and adaptation	Mundane routine
Actors, networks and communities	Networking	Avant-garde network, intermediaries	Enrollment of local allies & patrons	Enrollment of early adopters, retreat of patrons, local allies as advocates	Enrollment of late adopters, retreat of frustrated avant-gardists	Network closure
	Professional communities	Overlapping practices	Local blend (boundary practice)	Multi-local boundary practice	Multi-local boundary practice	Wide-spread common practice
Institutions, institutionali-sation and conflict	Institutions	Deviant idea	Institutional void for deviant idea	Reducing inertia	Creating new rules and laws	Common sense
	Institutionali-sation	Anti-institutions	Extraordi-nary conditions	Establishing concepts and frames	Establishing rules and laws	Differen-tiation of rules and laws
	Conflicts	Avant-garde vs. establishment	Avant-garde vs. establish-ment	Dominant vs. average avant-garde	Pragmatists vs. idealists	Fatigue

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Christmann, G. B., Ibert, O., Jessen, J., & Walther, U.-J. (2018). How does novelty enter spatial planning? Conceptualizing innovations in planning and research strategies. In W. Rammert, A. Windeler, H. Knoblauch, & M. Hutter (Eds.), Innovation society today. Perspectives, fields, and cases (pp. 247–272). Wiesbaden: Springer VS.

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