Superstar Museums and global media exposure: mapping the positioning of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao through networks

Figures & data

Table 1. Top 100 Art Museum Attendances (2019).

Art Museums		Visitors	Art Museums		Visitors
1	Musée du Louvre PARIS	9,600,000	51	Art Gallery of New South Wales SYDNEY	1,289,195
2	National Museum of China BEIJING	7,390,000	52	Guggenheim Museum NEW YORK	1,283,209
3	Vatican Museums VATICAN CITY	6,882,931	53	Museum of Fine Arts BOSTON	1,261,623
4	Metropolitan Museum NEW YORK	6,479,548	54	Royal Castle WARSAW	1,256,920
5	British Museum LONDON	6,239,983	55	Gyeongju National Museum GYEONGJU	1,251,196
6	Tate Modern LONDON	6,098,340	56	Royal Academy of Arts LONDON	1,248,882
7	National Gallery LONDON	6,011,007	57	Museum of Fine Arts HOUSTON	1,248,624
8	State Hermitage ST PETERSBURG	4,956,529	58	Mucem MARSEILLES	1,207,663
9	Reina Sofía MADRID	4,425,699	59	National Museum in Krakow KRAKOW	1,196,207
10	National Gallery of Art WASHINGTON	4,074,403	60	Montreal Museum of Fine Arts MONTREAL	1,174,890
11	Victoria and Albert Museum LONDON	3,932,738	61	Guggenheim BILBAO	1,170,669
12	National Palace Museum TAIPEI	3,832,373	62	Saatchi Gallery LONDON	1,160,729
13	Musée d’Orsay PARIS	3,651,616	63	Museo Soumaya MEXICO CITY	1,115,922
14	Museo Nacional del Prado MADRID	3,497,345	64	Musée du Quai Branly PARIS	1,112,423
15	National Museum of Korea SEOUL	3,354,161	65	Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts BRUSSELS	1,091,280
16	Centre Pompidou PARIS	3,273,867	66	Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais PARIS	1,075,187
17	Moscow Kremlin Museums MOSCOW	3,101,550	67	Museu de Serralves PORTO	1,074,200
18	Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum TOKYO	2,873,806	68	Imperial War Museum LONDON	1,073,936
19	Somerset House LONDON	2,841,772	69	Museu Picasso BARCELONA	1,072,887
20	State Tretyakov Gallery MOSCOW	2,835,836	70	de Young Museum SAN FRANCISCO	1,070,157
21	Rijksmuseum AMSTERDAM	2,700,000	71	Fondation Louis Vuitton PARIS	1,065,000
22	Tokyo National Museum TOKYO	2,684,754	72	Museu Coleção Berardo LISBON	1,060,644
23	Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil RIO DE JANEIRO	2,606,999	73	Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza MADRID	1,034,939
24	NGV International MELBOURNE	2,432,883	74	Whitney Museum NEW YORK	1,030,945
25	State Russian Museum ST PETERSBURG	2,394,400	75	Musée de l’Orangerie PARIS	1,029,925
26	Galleria degli Uffizi FLORENCE	2,361,732	76	MCA Australia SYDNEY	1,014,021
27	National Folk Museum of Korea SEOUL	2,286,276	77	Albertina VIENNA	1,001,294
28	National Museum of Scotland EDINBURGH	2,210,024	78	Louvre Abu Dhabi ABU DHABI	975,483
29	Van Gogh Museum AMSTERDAM	2,100,000	79	Lacma LOS ANGELES	968,161
30	Shanghai Museum SHANGHAI	2,070,270	80	American Indian Museum WASHINGTON	960,933
31	Museum of Modern Art NEW YORK	1,992,121	81	Museum of Liverpool LIVERPOOL	956,918
32	National Art Center Tokyo TOKYO	1,921,526	82	Petit Palais PARIS	950,288
33	Kunsthistorisches Museum VIENNA	1,839,027	83	SFMoMA SAN FRANCISCO	950,000
34	Kelvingrove Art Gallery & Museum GLASGOW	1,832,097	84	Garage Museum MOSCOW	942,159
35	National Gallery SINGAPORE	1,817,335	85	Ashmolean Museum OXFORD	927,043
36	Tate Britain LONDON	1,808,637	86	Art Gallery of Ontario TORONTO	922,014
37	Acropolis Museum ATHENS	1,760,315	87	Israel Museum JERUSALEM	920,744
38	Österreichische Galerie Belvedere VIENNA	1,721,399	88	The Broad LOS ANGELES	917,489
39	Galleria dell’Accademia di Firenze FLORENCE	1,704,776	89	Hirshhorn Museum WASHINGTON	891,114
40	National Portrait Gallery/SAAM WASHINGTON	1,700,000	90	Dallas Museum of Art DALLAS	884,967
41	Art Institute of Chicago CHICAGO	1,665,516	91	MUAC UNAM MEXICO CITY	883,636
42	National Portrait Gallery LONDON	1,634,934	92	National Gallery of Australia CANBERRA	867,088
43	National Museum of Western Art TOKYO	1,587,363	93	Museo Egizio TURIN	853,320
44	Scottish National Gallery EDINBURGH	1,583,231	94	MNAC BARCELONA	837,694
45	Centro Cultural Banco Brasil BELO HORIZONTE	1,519,033	95	Reggia di Venaria Reale VENARIA	837,093
46	Pushkin Museum MOSCOW	1,481,300	96	Huntington Library SAN MARINO	828,503
47	Getty Center LOS ANGELES	1,439,084	97	Neues Museum BERLIN	827,989
48	MMCA SEOUL	1,420,161	98	Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil SÃO PAULO	827,588
49	Tel Aviv Museum of Art TEL AVIV	1,322,439	99	Teatre-Museu Dalí FIGUERES	819,542
50	Royal Ontario Museum TORONTO	1,309,345	100	Pergamonmuseum BERLIN	804,113

Source: The Art Newspaper No. 322, April 2020.

Figure 1. Co-citations Network of Superstar Museums in the New York Times (1995–2000 6-year term). Source: Own elaboration, data gathered from NYT API. Note: The size of the circles indicates eigenvector and the position of the circles indicates network centrality (as determined by the position of the co-cited nodes).

Figure 2. Co-citations Network of Superstar Museums in the New York Times (2014–2019 6-year term). Source: Own elaboration, data gathered from NYT API. Note: The size of the circles indicates eigenvector and the position of the circles indicates network centrality (as determined by the position of the co-cited nodes).

Figure 3. Positioning of Top Museums in the New York Times: Benchmarking 1995–2000 with 2014–2019. Source: Own elaboration.

Table 2. Number of articles in the New York Times: The Deutsche Guggenheim in Berlin vs. the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.

Time Period	Deutsche Guggenheim	Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
1995–2000	55	228
2001–2010	81	429

Source: New York Times.

Table 3. Number of Visitors to the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao (1997–2019, annual data).

Year	N. visitors
1997 Oct–Dec	259,234
1998	1,307,065
1999	1,109,495
2000	948,875
2001	930,000
2002	851,628
2003	869,022
2004	909,144
2005	965,082
2006	1,008,774
2007	1,002,963
2008	951,369
2009	905,048
2010	956,417
2011	962,358
2012	1,014,104
2013	931,015
2014	1,011,363
2015	1,103,211
2016	1,169,404
2017	1,322,611
2018	1,265,756
2019	1,170,669

Source: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.