The impact of parent training intervention in early years: language and literacy development

Figures & data

Table 1. Parental demographic details (N=20).

	Experimental		Control
Ages	Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)
	28.9 (3.7)		30.2 (4.8)
Sex	Mother	Father	Mother	Father
	6 (60%)	4 (40%)	7 (70%)	3 (30%)
Birth order
First birth	7 (70%)		8 (80%)
Second birth	3 (30%)		2 (20%)
Educational Level
Bachelor’s degree or higher	5 (50%)		6 (60%)
Undergraduate Education	4 (40%)		4 (40%)
High school	1 (10%)
Total	10		10

Table 2. Group characteristics of child participants (N=20).

Parameters	Control (n=10)			Experiment (n=10)
	Mean	SD	Range	Mean	SD	Range
Chronological age (in months)	14	3.16	8–16	15	2.72	9–14
Comprehension	213	102	231–100	213.5	113.3	249–150
Production	108.5	101.4	40–144	80.0	109.05	43–152
Early literacy behaviours	3.5	1.2	1–4	2	1.4	1–5

Note: Comprehension and production = standard score on TCDI-I and TCDI-II, Aksu-Koç, Acarlar, and Küntay 2008 (Turkish version of the MB-CDI, Fenson et al. 1993); Early literacy behaviours = standard score on PELS.

Figure 1. Flow diagram of implementation of intervention.

Table 3. Impact of the intervention on the infants’ lexical abilities.

Words	Group	Mean	SD	U	P	d
Receptive	Control	18.60	52.12	18.00	.015	0.68
	Experiment	56.10	57.59
Expressive	Control	10.60	17.07	7.00	.001	1.82
	Experiment	58.60	33.21

P < 0.05

Figure 2. Changes in infant’s early literacy behaviour performance over the 12-week intervention program mean scores (Parent-Infant Early Literacy Skills Assessment-PELS) for early literacy abilities for the infants’ experimental group and control group at the pre-post test.

Figure 3. Growth in parents’ early literacy performance over the 12-week intervention program.

Figure 4. Effects of the intervention program on shared book reading awareness Scores: Comparison (mean scores: The Shared Reading Skills Scale).

Aksu-Koç, A., F. Acarlar, and A. Küntay. 2008. “TCDI (TİGE)-Measurement and Evaluation of Early Communicative Competence of Turkish Children: The Adaptation of Macarthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) Into Turkish.” Presented in 12th Congress of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association, İstanbul, June 25-28.

 Google Scholar

Fenson, L., P. S. Dale, J. S. Reznick, D. Thal, E. Bates, J. P. Hartung, S. Pethick, et al. 1993. The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: User’s Guide and Technical Manual. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.

 Google Scholar