Labour Market Reintegration of Individuals with a Physical and Cognitive Disability by a Company-Based Work-Experience Program

Figures & data

Table 1. Participants characteristics (concise) at the start of the WGP (t = 0).

Variable(s)	Physical disability N = 283	Cognitive disability N = 269
Diagnosis
Unknown	9.5%	0.0%
General	14.3%	0.0%
Blood	1.6%	0.0%
Cardiovascular	3.2%	0.0%
Dermatological	1.6%	0.0%
Endocrinological	1.6%	0.0%
Gravidity	1.6%	0.0%
Hearing	1.6%	0.0%
Locomotor	42.9%	0.0%
Neurological	11.1%	0.0%
Developmental	0.0%	14.5%
Psychiatric	1.6%	85.5%
Respiratory	1.6%	0.0%
Digestion	4.8%	0.0%
Urogenital	3.2%	0.0%
Visual	0.0%	0.0%
Degree of incapability for working
15–25%	11.7%	5.3%
25–35%	6.7%	3.5%
35–45%	6.7%	3.5%
45–55%	3.3%	3.5%
55–65%	1.7%	1.8%
65–80%	1.7%	1.8%
80–100%	46.7%	61.4%
Unknown	21.7%	19.3%
Educational attainment
Low educated	22.0%	25.0%
Intermediate educated	15.3%	26.8%
High educated	8.5%	10.7%
Unknown	54.2%	37.5%
Gender
Male	57.9%	65.5%
Female	42.1%	34.5%
Ethnic minority group
Native Dutch	61.0%	67.9%
Morocco/Turkey/Suriname/Netherlands Antilles	15.3%	14.3%
Other non-Western	8.5%	8.9%
Other Western	15.3%	8.9%
Position in the household		290
Single	23.3%	34.5%
Partner without children	18.3%	12.1%
Partner with children (youngest child <5 years)	20.0%	12.1%
Partner with children (youngest child ≥5 years)	10.0%	6.9%
Lone parent (youngest child <5 years)	3.3%	3.4%
Lone parent (youngest child ≥5 years)	3.3%	6.9%
Child living in parents’ home	16.7%	22.4%
Other	5.0%	1.7%
Age category
15–24	10.9%	18.0%
25–34	36.4%	40.0%
35–44	32.7%	26.0%
45–54	18.2%	14.0%
55–65	1.8%	2.0%

Note(s). Percentages are based on fictional numbers rounded up to the nearest five. It is not allowed to show the exact descriptive information of these people due to the General Data Protection Regulation (Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming [AVG] in Dutch) that prohibits publishing any information that could identify the identity of individuals (N < 10). Many cells had a value below 10. Educational attainment is based on the 1-digit ISCED2011-Level, where Low educated represent the levels 0–2, Intermediate educated represent the levels 3–4, and High educated represent the levels 5–8.

Source. Statistics Netherlands (1999–2017)

Table 2. Unstandardised coefficients on the level of employment and employment on a competitive salary, from fixed-effects panel regression models.

	Employment								Employment on a competitive salary
	Physical disability				Cognitive disability				Physical disability				Cognitive disability
	(1)		(2)		(3)		(4)		(5)		(6)		(7)		(8)
Post-intervention period	−0.10***	(0.03)	−0.13***	(0.03)	−0.03	(0.03)	−0.01	(0.04)	−0.07***	(0.02)	−0.09***	(0.02)	−0.09***	(0.02)	−0.07**	(0.02)
Public rehabilitation (ref.)x WGP	0.17***	(0.04)	0.14**	(0.04)	0.11**	(0.04)	0.11**	(0.04)	0.03	(0.03)	0.02	(0.03)	0.07**	(0.03)	0.07**	(0.03)
Followed education			0.10*	(0.04)			−0.04	(0.04)			0.06*	(0.03)			−0.04	(0.03)
Incapability for work (in %)
15% – 25% (ref.)
25% – 35%	0.07	(0.23)	0.081	(0.22)	−0.65***	(0.11)	−0.68***	(0.11)	0.02	(0.08)	0.03	(0.07)	−0.17***	(0.04)	−0.19***	(0.05)
35% – 45%	−0.38	(0.26)	−0.39	(0.26)	−0.23+	(0.14)	−0.26+	(0.15)	0.19	(0.15)	0.18	(0.17)	−0.08	(0.05)	−0.11*	(0.05)
45% – 55%	−0.15	(0.31)	−0.15	(0.28)	0.05	(0.08)	0.03	(0.08)	−0.43***	(0.11)	−0.43***	(0.12)	−0.10*	(0.05)	−0.12*	(0.05)
55% – 65%	−0.19	(0.30)	−0.13	(0.28)	0.00	(0.00)	0.00	(0.00)	−1.33***	(0.10)	−1.29***	(0.12)	0.00	(0.00)	0.00	(0.00)
65% – 80%	0.00	(0.00)	0.00	(0.00)	−0.18	(0.14)	−0.20	(0.14)	0.00	(0.00)	0.00	(0.00)	−0.09*	(0.04)	−0.10*	(0.05)
80% – 100%	−0.31	(0.20)	−0.29	(0.20)	−0.40***	(0.04)	−0.41***	(0.05)	−0.02	(0.07)	−0.01	(0.07)	−0.14***	(0.03)	−0.16***	(0.03)
Unknown	−0.38+	(0.23)	−0.38+	(0.22)	−0.39***	(0.07)	−0.42***	(0.07)	−0.05	(0.08)	−0.05	(0.08)	−0.12**	(0.05)	−0.15**	(0.05)
Intercept	0.55**	(0.19)	0.58**	(0.186)	0.51***	(0.10)	0.52***	(0.10)	0.15+	(0.08)	0.16+	(0.08)	0.11	(0.07)	0.12	(0.07)
σμ	0.39		0.40		0.47		0.47		0.39		0.38		0.48		0.49
σε	0.32		0.32		0.29		0.29		0.22		0.22		0.18		0.18
ρ	0.60		0.61		0.72		0.72		0.75		0.76		0.87		0.88
R^2
overall	0.01		0.01		0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00		0.01		0.01
within	0.10		0.11		0.12		0.12		0.09		0.10		0.16		0.17
between	0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00		0.01		0.01
Number of observations	1,052		1,052		1,000		1,000		1,052		1,052		1,000		1,000
Number of individuals	564		564		535		535		564		564		535		535

Note(s). ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, +p < 0.10, robust standard errors in parentheses, models are controlled for regional unemployment rate (NUTS-2 Level), household position (incl. youngest child’s age) interacted with gender, residential area (NUTS-3 Level).

Source. Statistics Netherlands (1999–2017).

Figure 1. Marginal effects of employment (upper) and employment on a competitive salary (lower) in annual months for individuals with a physical (left) and cognitive disability (right), pre and post-intervention period Note(s). Shaded bars show the 95%-confidence intervals, based on the first model. Graphs are made by replacing the post-intervention dummy by ten post-intervention year dummy variables (see Table A.6.3).

Statistics Netherlands (1999-2017)

Data availability statement

Data supporting the findings of this study are available at Statistics Netherlands on request (and on payment) and under license for this study only. Access to the microdata is only granted to scientific researchers under strict privacy-securing conditions (see https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/our-services/customised-services-microdata/microdata-conducting-your-own-research). After ethic approval, we analysed the data through a remote-access facility that connects our computers to Statistics Netherlands’ protected ICT environment. Statistics Netherlands performs a check on the results to secure anonymity and privacy. Data belong to Statistics Netherlands, and for that reason, the data cannot be added in a (public) repository. Results must be published to ensure that there is no conflict of interest with third parties.