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Review Article

Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Analysis of Trace Heavy Metals

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Pages 353-372 | Published online: 17 Mar 2020
 

Abstract

In an effort to achieve high sensitivity analysis methods for ultra-trace levels of heavy metals, numerous new nanomaterials are explored for the application in preconcentration processes and sensing systems. Nanomaterial-based methods have proven to be effective for selective analysis and speciation of heavy metals in combination with spectrometric techniques. This review outlined the different types of nanomaterials applied in the field of heavy metal analysis, and concentrated on the latest developments in various new materials. In particular, the functionalization of traditional materials and the exploitation of bio-functional materials could increase the specificity to target metals. The hybridization of multiple materials could improve material properties, to build novel sensor system or achieve detection-removal integration. Finally, we discussed the future perspectives of nanomaterials in the heavy metal preconcentration and sensor design, as well as their respective advantages and challenges. Despite impressive progress and widespread attention, the development of new nanomaterials and nanotechnology is still hampered by numerous challenges, particularly in the specificity to the target and the anti-interference performance in complex matrices.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

Financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (21675019, 21727811, 21874014) is highly appreciated.

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