https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0017-2841
Figures & data
Figure 1. Overview of human brain development processes. Apart from Courchesne et al. Citation2019; Menassa and Gomez-Nicola (Citation2018). The total Sia concentration in maternal serum and saliva in first, second and third trimester of pregnancy (Alvi, Amer, and Sumerin Citation1988; Chhabra et al. Citation2015; Koç Öztürk et al. Citation2010; Salvolini et al. Citation1998). Abbreviations: BBB, blood-brain barrier; Sia, sialic acids.
Figure 2. (a) Major sialic acids structures: N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The CMAH enzyme can convert CMP-Neu5Ac into CMP-Neu5Gc (B. Wang Citation2009). (b) Sialic acids on cell-surface and secreted molecules: glycosphingolipids, N-linked glycosphingolipids, polysialylated NCAM, free glycans. Adapted from Schnaar, Gerardy-Schahn, and Hildebrandt (Citation2014). Abbreviations: Galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), fucose (Fuc), sialic acid (Sia), N-acetylgalacosamine (GalNAc), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), mannose (Man), asparagine (Asn), 3’-sialyllactose (3’SL), 6’-sialyllactose (6’SL), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), fibronectin III (FnIII).
Figure 3. Carbohydrate core structures of glycosphingolipids, adapted from R. K. Yu et al. (Citation2011). Abbreviations: Galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), N-acetylgalacosamine (GalNAc), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), mannose (Man).
Figure 4. (a) One of the brain gangliosides: monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1), adapted from Schnaar, Gerardy-Schahn, and Hildebrandt (Citation2014). (b) The major brain gangliosides adapted from Schnaar, Gerardy-Schahn, and Hildebrandt (Citation2014). Abbreviations: Glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), N-acetylgalacosamine (GalNAc), sialic acid (Sia), ceramide (Cer).
