Informational Sources, Social Media Use, and Race in the Flint, Michigan, Water Crisis

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Table A1. Gender of Respondents

Gender	N	%
Female	125	60.1
Male	82	39.4
No response	1	0.5
Total	208

Table A2. Age of Respondents

Age	N	%
18 to 24 years	14	6.7
25 to 44 years	60	28.8
45 to 64 years	81	38.9
65 years or older	37	17.8
No response	16	7.7
Total	208

Table A3. Respondents With/Without Children

Children	N	%
Yes	136	65.3
No	65	31.3
No response	7	3.4
Total	208

Table A4. Racial Identity

Race	N	%
African American	74	35.6
White	107	51.4
Other races	24	11.5
No response	3	1.4
Total	208

Table A5. Highest Level of Education

Level of Education	N	%
Did not attend high school	2	1
Some high school, no diploma	11	5.3
High school graduate/diploma/GED	43	20.7
Some college credit, no degree	37	17.8
Trade/technical/vocational training	22	10.6
Associate degree	24	11.5
Bachelor’s degree	37	17.8
Master’s degree	22	10.6
Professional degree	3	1.4
Doctorate degree	6	2.9
No response	1	0.5
Totals	208

Table A6. Employment Status

Employment	N	%
Employed for wages	77	37
Self-employed	36	17.3
Out of work and looking for work	10	4.8
Out of work but not looking for work	3	1.4
A homemaker	13	6.3
A student	6	2.9
Military	1	0.5
Retired	58	27.9
Unable to work	15	7.2

Note. Categories were not mutually exclusive; therefore, totals exceed n = 208

Table B. Reported Interpersonal Sources of Information About Community Events: 1 = Never, 5 = Always

Questions	Race	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error
Via friends and neighbors	African American	54	3.80	1.23	0.17
	White	83	3.43	1.24	0.14
	Other Races	17	3.71	1.11	0.27
	No Response	2	4.00	.00	0.00
	Total	156	3.60	1.22	0.10
Via family members	African American	58	4.09	1.10	0.14
	White	80	3.41	1.34	0.15
	Other Races	19	3.74	1.33	0.30
	No Response	2	4.00	1.41	1.00
	Total	159	3.70	1.28	0.10

Table C. Reported Sources of Current Information: 0 = Yes, 1 = No

Question	Race	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error
Twitter	African American	73	0.89	0.32	0.04
	White	107	0.94	0.23	0.02
	Other Races	24	0.96	0.20	0.04
	No Response	3	0.67	0.58	0.33
	Total	207	0.92	0.27	0.02
Facebook	African American	73	0.40	0.49	0.06
	White	107	0.57	0.50	0.05
	Other Races	24	0.42	0.50	0.10
	No Response	3	0.33	0.58	0.33
	Total	207	0.49	0.50	0.04
Instagram	African American	73	0.86	0.35	0.04
	White	107	0.96	0.19	0.02
	Other Races	24	0.96	0.20	0.04
	No Response	3	1.00	0.00	0.00
	Total	207	0.93	0.26	0.02
Other [social media]	African American	73	0.96	0.20	0.02
	White	107	0.99	0.10	0.01
	Other Races	24	1.00	0.00	0.00
	No Response	3	0.67	0.58	0.33
	Total	207	0.98	0.15	0.01
Written comment	African American	73	1.15	0.77	0.09
	White	107	1.07	0.49	0.05
	Other Races	24	1.00	0.00	0.00
	No Response	3	0.67	0.58	0.33
	Total	207	1.09	0.59	0.04

Table D. Reported Desire for Additional Information: 0 = Not at All, 4 = Strongly Agree

Question	Race	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error
Legionnaires	African American	71	3.52	1.05	0.13
	White	100	2.86	1.47	0.15
	Other Races	23	3.43	1.31	0.27
	No Response	3	3.33	1.16	0.67
	Total	197	3.17	1.34	0.10
E.coli	African American	71	3.58	0.95	0.11
	White	100	2.95	1.41	0.14
	Other Races	23	3.52	1.08	0.23
	No Response	3	3.67	0.58	0.33
	Total	197	3.25	1.25	0.09
Possible source of lead contamination	African American	71	3.61	0.87	0.10
	White	99	2.98	1.41	0.14
	Other Races	23	3.52	1.12	0.23
	No Response	3	3.67	0.58	0.33
	Total	196	3.28	1.23	0.09
Paint as a possible source of lead contamination	African American	70	3.04	1.41	0.17
	White	100	2.50	1.58	0.16
	Other Races	23	2.91	1.73	0.36
	No Response	3	1.67	1.53	0.88
	Total	196	2.73	1.55	0.11
Soil as a possible source of lead contamination	African American	70	3.41	1.07	0.13
	White	99	2.75	1.47	0.15
	Other Races	23	3.22	1.38	0.29
	No Response	2	2.50	0.71	0.50
	Total	194	3.04	1.35	0.10
Dust as a possible source of lead contamination	African American	71	3.17	1.28	0.151
	White	99	2.49	1.52	0.15
	Other Races	23	3.22	1.38	0.29
	No Response	3	1.33	1.16	0.67
	Total	196	2.81	1.460.54	0.10
Diet as a way to reduce lead contamination	African American	70	3.47	1.06	0.13
	White	98	2.63	1.53	0.15
	Other Races	23	2.70	1.74	0.36
	No Response	3	3.33	1.16	0.67
	Total	194	2.95	1.45	0.10
Other information	African American	23	3.17	1.27	0.26
	White	34	2.47	1.80	0.31
	Other Races	8	3.25	1.49	0.53
	No Response	1	1.00	-	-
	Total	66	2.79	1.61	0.20
Written comment	African American	10	11.70	6.38	2.02
	White	15	12.20	9.13	2.36
	Other Races	4	8.75	6.70	3.35
	No Response	0	-	-	-
	Total	29	11.55	7.80	1.45

Table E. Preferred Channels and Sources to Receive Additional Information: 0 = Yes, 1 = No

Question	Race	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error
Face-to-face conversation	African American	72	0.54	0.50	0.06
	White	102	0.82	0.38	0.04
	Other Races	22	0.59	0.50	0.11
	No Response	3	1.00	0.00	0.00
Phone call	African American	72	0.76	0.43	0.50
	White	102	0.90	0.30	0.03
	Other Races	22	0.77	0.43	0.09
	No Response	3	1.00	0.00	0.00
E-mail	African American	72	0.69	0.46	0.06
	White	102	0.71	0.46	0.05
	Other Races	22	0.55	0.51	0.11
	No Response	3	0.67	0.58	0.33
Text	African American	72	0.82	0.39	0.05
	White	102	0.89	0.31	0.03
	Other Races	22	0.68	0.48	0.10
	No Response	3	1.00	0.00	0.00
Social media	African American	72	0.58	0.50	0.06
	White	102	0.60	0.49	0.05
	Other Races	22	0.59	0.50	0.11
	No Response	3	0.33	0.58	0.33
Media	African American	72	0.29	0.46	0.05
	White	102	0.23	0.42	0.04
	Other Races	22	0.23	0.43	0.09
	No Response	3	0.00	0.00	0.00
Web site	African American	72	0.35	0.48	0.06
	White	102	0.49	0.50	0.05
	Other Races	22	0.41	0.50	0.11
	No Response	3	0.00	0.00	0.00
Written notice/flier in neighborhood	African American	72	0.44	0.50	0.06
	White	102	0.67	0.47	0.05
	Other Races	22	0.77	0.43	0.09
	No Response	3	0.67	0.58	0.33
Written notice/flier at work	African American	72	0.83	0.38	0.04
	White	102	0.93	0.25	0.03
	Other Races	22	0.91	0.29	0.06
	No Response	3	1.00	0.00	0.00
Written notice/flier in shops/mall	African American	72	0.83	0.38	0.04
	White	102	0.92	0.27	0.03
	Other Races	22	0.91	0.29	0.06
	No Response	3	1.00	0.00	0.00