Psychophysiological Effects of a Natural Forest Environment on Chinese University Students Aged 19-25 Years

Figures & data

Figure 1. Changes in participants’ positive affect (n = 60).

Figure 2. Changes in participants’ negative affect (n = 60).

Figure 3. Changes in participants’ HR (n = 60).

Figure 4. Change in participants’ HRV (n = 60).

Figure 5. Changes in participants’ Pa (n = 60).

Figure 6. Changes in participants’ Pm (n = 60).

Table 1. Correlations among affect indexes and physiological indexes.

PANAS		HR	HRV	Pa	Pm
Positive affect	Correlation coefficient	0.021	0.416*	0.401*	0.405*
	p	0.881	0.044	0.047	0.036
Negative affect	Correlation coefficient	0.418*	−0.505*	−0.218	−0.329*
	p	0.026	0.033	0.554	0.021

*p < 0.05.

Table 2. Ridge regression analysis of negative affect and HR.

Name	Nonstandard coefficient		Standard coefficient	t	p	R ^2	Adjusted R ^2	F
	B	Standard error	Beta
Constant	72.115	1.854	-	38.901	0.000**	0.071	0.035	F (1,58) = 2.286, p = .033*
Negative affect	−0.062	0.100	0.041	0.616	0.026*

The dependent variable is HR. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Table 3. Ridge regression analysis of affect and HRV.

Name	Nonstandard coefficient		Standard coefficient	t	p	R^2	Adjusted R^2	F
	B	Standard error	Beta
Constant	42.562	4.681	-	9.093	0.000**	0.114	0.038	F (2,57) = 1.404, p = .022*
Negative affect	−0.106	0.141	−0.003	−0.145	0.032*
Positive affect	0.116	0.112	0.068	1.038	0.028*

The dependent variable is HRV. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Table 4. Ridge regression analysis of positive affect and Pa.

Name	Nonstandard coefficient		Standard coefficient	t	p	R^2	Adjusted R^2	F
	B	Standard error	Beta
Constant	53.136	3.601	-	14.755	0.000**	0.045	0.013	F (1,58) = 1.863, p = .035*
Positive affect	0.208	0.100	0.070	1.247	0.028*

The dependent variable is Pa. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Table 5. Ridge regression analysis of affect and Pm index.

Name	Nonstandard coefficient		Standard coefficient	t	p	R^2	Adjusted R^2	F
	B	Standard error	Beta
Constant	52.265	4.128	-	12.662	0.000**	0.074	0.011	F (2,57) = 1.394, p = .024*
Positive affect	0.601	0.098	0.104	2.057	0.031*
Negative affect	−0.127	0.124	−0.167	−1.024	0.028*

The dependent variable is Pm. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Data availability statement

Data will be made available upon request from the corresponding author.