Literacy Progress in Children with Dyslexia and the Role of Attention

Figures & data

Figure 1. Example of the view of one of 25 rows displayed during the ACT.

Figure 2. Mnemonic card with sound categories and symbolic scaffolds used during reading and spelling remediation. Sound categories from top to bottom: short vowels, long vowels, digraphs, trigraphs, tetragraphs, consonants, and schwas. Copyright 2020 by Braams. Reprinted with permission.

Table 1. Number and percentages of participants who succeeded in completing 25 bars of the ACT within three attempts at pretest and follow-ups 1–3 for experimental and control group.

Condition	Pretest		Follow-up 1		Follow-up 2		Follow-up 3
	n	Succeeded	n	Succeeded	n	Succeeded	n	Succeeded
ACT-training	62	22 (35.4%)	60	26 (43.3%)	60	28 (46.7%)	52	38 (73.1%)
Control	75	27 (36.0%)	72	28 (38.9%)	62	43 (69.4%)	57	35 (61.4%)

Table 2. Pearson correlations and corrected Pearson correlations between ACT measures and literacy skills at pretest and follow-ups 1–3.

		n	Working speed			Distraction time
			r	r′	p	r	r′	p
Pretest	Word decoding	111	−0.25	−0.35	<0.01	−0.12	−0.13	0.17
	Text decoding	93	0.27	0.38	<0.01	0.06	0.06	0.57
	Word spelling	133	−0.29	−0.40	<0.01	−0.13	−0.14	0.11
Follow-up 1	Word decoding	124	−0.18	−0.25	<0.01	−0.07	−0.08	0.38
	Text decoding	126	0.15	0.21	0.02	0.05	0.05	0.58
	Word spelling	133	−0.19	−0.26	<0.01	−0.04	−0.05	0.57
Follow-up 2	Word decoding	118	−0.24	−0.33	<0.01	−0.17	−0.19	0.04
	Text decoding	110	0.10	0.14	0.15	−0.001	−0.001	0.99
	Word spelling	128	−0.16	−0.22	0.01	0.06	0.07	0.43
Follow-up 3	Word decoding	103	−0.26	−0.36	<0.01	−0.22	−0.25	0.01
	Text Reading	92	0.14	0.20	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.64
	Word spelling	111	−0.19	−0.26	<0.01	−0.06	−0.06	0.53

Note. p-Values presented pertain to r′-values and are computed using https://www.socscistatistics.com/pvalues/pearsondistribution.aspx

Table 3. Descriptive statistics of literacy measures at pretest and follow-ups 1–3.

	Pretest			Follow-up 1			Follow-up 2			Follow-up 3
	n	M	SD	n	M	SD	n	M	SD	n	M	SD
Word decoding	113	110.50	45.72	125	147.30	47.80	118	163.16	50.34	104	175.14	51.27
Text decoding	94	118.54	52.19	127	88.70	41.42	112	74.95	27.17	93	68.72	22.34
Word spelling	135	42.41	21.56	135	65.90	19.85	130	77.99	20.16	113	87.18	19.79