https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-0662
Figures & data
Figure 1. Effect of ZH and N-ZH treatment for 48 h on A549 cell growth was determined by MTT assay. The results were expressed as the percentage of living cells compared to those in the control group (0 μg ZH and N-ZH). Zein hydrolysate (ZH), Nano-liposomal ZH (N-ZH).
Figure 2. Effects of ZH and N-ZH treatment at the IC50 dose on A549 cell apoptosis were examined using Annexin-V/PI staining and flow cytometry (****p < .0001). Zein hydrolysate (ZH), Nano-liposomal ZH (N-ZH), Nonsignificant (ns).
Figure 3. Effect of ZH and N-ZH treatment at the IC50 dose on the cell cycle of A549 cells was determined after 48 h. (*p < .001). Zein hydrolysate (ZH), Nano-liposomal ZH (N-ZH).
Figure 4. Effect of ZH and N-ZH treatment at the IC50 dose on ROS levels was measured at the cellular level after 48 h. Zein hydrolysate (ZH), Nano-liposomal ZH (N-ZH) Nonsignificant (ns).
Figure 5. Morphological alterations in cell nuclei during ZH- and N-ZH-induced apoptosis in A549 cells, observed by DAPI staining and fluorescence microscopy. Scale bar, 100 µm. Zein hydrolysate (ZH), Nano-liposomal ZH (N-ZH).
Figure 6. N-ZH attenuates the migration of A549 cells. The healing ability of A549 cells in N-ZH-treated group was significantly weaker than that in the control and ZH-treated groups at 24 and 48 h after the wound was scratched. *p < .05 and **p < .01. Zein hydrolysate (ZH), Nano-liposomal ZH (N-ZH).
Figure 7. Effects of ZH and N-ZH treatment at the IC50 dose on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, as determined by western blotting. Markers of apoptosis in A549 cells include caspase 8, caspase 3, caspase 9, p53, and Bcl-2-to-Bax ratio. GAPDH was used as the internal control. ***p < .001 and ****p < .0001 vs. the 0 µg group. Zein hydrolysate (ZH), Nano-liposomal ZH (N-ZH) Nonsignificant (ns).
Figure 8. Pathways of apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest by ZH.
