Figures & data
Table 1. D-optimal design for optimization of PNL loaded INVs.
Table 2. Output data of the D-optimal analysis of INVs formulations and predicted and observed values for the selected INV (INV14).
Figure 1. Effect of formulation variables on EE% of PNL-INVs (a-b) and PS (c-d).
EE%: Entrapment Efficiency Percentage, PS: Particle Size, PNL: Propranolol Hydrochloride, INVs: Invasomes.
Table 3. Experimental runs, independent variables, and measured response of the D-optimal design of PNL loaded INVs.
Figure 2. Effect of formulation variables on ZP of PNL-INVs (e-f) and Q6h (g-h).
ZP: Zeta Potential, Q6h: Amount of drug released after six hours, PNL: Propranolol Hydrochloride, INVs: Invasomes.
Figure 3. Transmission electron micrographs of INV14.
INVs: Invasomes.
Figure 4. DSC thermograms of PNL, PC and the optimum INV.
PC: Phospholipid, PNL: Propranolol Hydrochloride, INV: Invasome.
Figure 5. Ex-vivo permeation profile of PNL from INV-gel, PNL-gel, INV14 compared to PNL solution.
PNL: Propranolol Hydrochloride, INV: Invasome.
Figure 6. Light microscope photomicrographs showing sperm cells A) before addition of PNL-INV gel B) after addition of PNL-INV gel.
PNL: Propranolol Hydrochloride, INV: Invasome.
Table 4. Comparison of sperm motility before and after addition of optimum INV loaded gel.
Figure 7. Light microscope photomicrographs showing histopathological sections (hematoxylin and eosin stained) of rat vagina normal control (group I), rat vagina treated with PNL gel (group II) and rat vagina treated with INVs gel (group III) with magnification power of 16X to illustrate all vagina layers (Left side) and magnification power of 40X (Right side).
PNL: Propranolol Hydrochloride, INV: Invasome.
