A KSA system for competency-based assessment of clinicians’ professional development in China and quality gap analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1. KSA Model of Core Competencies (36 indicators).

Table 1. A Summary of Questionnaire Responses

Analysis Supported		Male (n)	Female (n)	Total (n)
Construction of Indicators	New Graduates	113 (50.0%)	113 (50.0%)	226
	Resident Physicians	114 (59.1%)	79 (40.9%)	193
	Senior Physicians	109 (58.6%)	77 (41.4%)	186
Competency Gap Analysis	New Graduates	96 (60.4%)	63 (39.6%)	159
	Resident Physicians	86 (68.3%)	40 (31.7%)	126
	Senior Physicians	75 (61.5%)	47 (38.5%)	122

Table 2. Rotated Component Matrix of Exploratory Factor Analysis^b,c

Indicator	New Graduate			Resident Physician			Senior Physician					Corresponding KSA Indicator^d
	K^a	A^a	S^a	K	S	A	S	K	A	K	K
1	0.15	0.53	0.61	0.16	0.79	0.38	0.77	0.16	0.31	0.07	<0.001	S1
2	0.21	0.43	0.75	0.21	0.80	0.33	0.80	0.20	0.18	0.15	0.10	S2
3	0.43	0.33	0.70	0.28	0.72	0.32	0.74	0.22	0.32	0.13	0.13	S3
4	0.42	0.39	0.68	0.35	0.74	0.36	0.75	0.24	0.36	0.12	0.16	S4
5	0.46	0.34	0.68	0.29	0.74	0.39	0.81	0.20	0.28	0.19	0.05	S5
6	0.56	0.26	0.65	0.32	0.74	0.35	0.86	0.08	0.19	0.20	0.15	S6
7	0.64	0.10	0.47	0.41	0.67	0.25	0.64	0.18	0.12	0.29	0.22	S7
8	0.50	0.38	0.53	0.33	0.70	0.39	0.69	0.09	0.35	0.21	0.20	S8
9	0.64	0.17	0.53	0.48	0.64	0.22	0.52	0.09	0.15	0.56	0.27	S9
10	0.57	0.40	0.44	0.53	0.60	0.25	0.39	0.20	0.23	0.65	0.13	S10
11	0.74	0.20	0.41	0.64	0.58	0.15	0.25	0.33	0.11	0.75	0.14	K1
12	0.73	0.23	0.43	0.66	0.57	0.14	0.29	0.34	0.19	0.75	0.08	K2
13	0.79	0.12	0.31	0.77	0.38	0.13	0.16	0.44	0.19	0.71	0.18	K3
14	0.84	0.20	0.22	0.73	0.38	0.01	0.08	0.51	0.09	0.62	0.22	K4
15	0.76	0.29	0.37	0.66	0.31	0.33	0.26	0.81	0.18	0.23	0.03	K5
16	0.73	0.27	0.30	0.70	0.26	0.38	0.31	0.75	0.23	0.19	0.02	K6
17	0.79	0.17	0.18	0.56	0.40	0.44	0.22	0.34	0.48	0.37	0.15	A1
18	0.78	0.28	0.22	0.69	0.37	0.42	0.08	0.56	0.29	0.49	0.27	K7
19	0.77	0.34	0.19	0.77	0.23	0.37	0.11	0.62	0.20	0.34	0.22	K8
20	0.58	0.39	0.28	0.74	0.21	0.30	0.19	0.72	0.02	0.09	0.26	K9
21	0.70	0.33	0.37	0.80	0.19	0.30	0.10	0.77	0.12	0.18	0.25	K10
22	0.74	0.32	0.26	0.79	0.32	0.32	0.05	0.69	0.26	0.35	0.15	K11
23	0.56	0.50	0.46	0.54	0.40	0.55	0.40	0.44	0.49	0.22	0.18	K12
24	0.65	0.46	0.40	0.61	0.31	0.59	0.33	0.52	0.34	0.25	0.30	K13
25	0.77	0.34	0.22	0.71	0.21	0.39	0.24	0.62	0.20	0.29	0.28	K14
26	0.35	0.64	0.50	0.32	0.48	0.66	0.49	0.24	0.56	0.15	0.12	A2
27	0.46	0.65	0.40	0.35	0.44	0.69	0.46	0.22	0.64	0.15	0.12	A3
28	0.21	0.79	0.32	0.26	0.44	0.72	0.45	0.06	0.73	0.11	0.06	A4
29	0.50	0.64	0.22	0.44	0.35	0.62	0.27	0.12	0.59	0.16	0.48	A5
30	0.70	0.46	0.19	0.57	0.27	0.51	0.15	0.24	0.25	0.26	0.73	K15
31	0.63	0.57	0.23	0.67	0.29	0.45	0.25	0.28	0.35	0.20	0.57	K16
32	0.70	0.52	0.22	0.70	0.32	0.41	0.20	0.40	0.24	0.24	0.70	K17
33	0.76	0.31	0.26	0.78	0.25	0.33	0.15	0.51	0.02	0.08	0.65	K18
34	0.42	0.73	0.28	0.46	0.40	0.64	0.30	0.17	0.73	0.13	0.27	A6
35	0.16	0.84	0.20	0.22	0.30	0.74	0.22	0.16	0.75	0.07	0.07	A7
36	0.21	0.82	0.22	0.32	0.31	0.68	0.24	0.20	0.70	0.24	0.14	A8

^aK: Knowledge; S: Skills; A: Attitude;.

^bExtraction method: Principal component analysis.

^cRotation method: Varimax with Kaiser normalization (Rotation converged in 8 iterations).

^dThese indicators are detailed in Figure 1.

Table 3. Competency Gap Analysis Based on the Modified SERVQUAL Model

Indicator^b	New Graduate					Resident Physician					Senior Physician
	P^a	E^a	Q^a	Paired Sample Test		P	E	Q	Paired Sample Test		P	E	Q	Paired Sample Test
				t	p				t	p				t	p
K1	1.72	3.47	−1.75	−21.29	<0.001	2.01	3.75	−1.74	−18.47	<0.001	2.39	3.65	−1.26	−13.52	<0.001
K2	1.72	3.54	−1.82	−21.66	<0.001	1.98	3.80	−1.83	−19.59	<0.001	2.35	3.70	−1.35	−14.75	<0.001
K3	1.55	3.49	−1.94	−24.14	<0.001	1.97	3.75	−1.78	−19.11	<0.001	2.30	3.66	−1.37	−14.24	<0.001
K4	1.53	3.38	−1.86	−22.39	<0.001	1.85	3.63	−1.78	−18.93	<0.001	2.12	3.56	−1.44	−14.86	<0.001
K5	1.68	3.72	−2.04	−25.11	<0.001	2.05	3.93	−1.89	−19.97	<0.001	2.14	3.66	−1.52	−14.84	<0.001
K6	1.71	3.72	−2.00	−23.78	<0.001	2.02	3.89	−1.88	−19.84	<0.001	2.15	3.60	−1.45	−14.93	<0.001
K7	1.69	3.59	−1.91	−23.64	<0.001	1.91	3.86	−1.95	−20.36	<0.001	2.09	3.63	−1.53	−15.51	<0.001
K8	1.72	3.56	−1.84	−22.04	<0.001	1.93	3.81	−1.88	−19.63	<0.001	1.95	3.50	−1.56	−15.32	<0.001
K9	1.86	3.83	−1.97	−22.20	<0.001	1.96	3.88	−1.92	−20.87	<0.001	1.97	3.61	−1.64	−15.34	<0.001
K10	1.75	3.64	−1.89	−24.17	<0.001	1.92	3.80	−1.88	−19.50	<0.001	2.01	3.45	−1.44	−14.80	<0.001
K11	1.68	3.58	−1.90	−23.47	<0.001	1.98	3.75	−1.76	−19.56	<0.001	2.15	3.45	−1.30	−14.03	<0.001
K12	1.85	3.89	−2.04	−23.84	<0.001	2.27	4.05	−1.78	−19.83	<0.001	2.52	3.79	−1.27	−14.71	<0.001
K13	1.81	3.82	−2.01	−21.98	<0.001	2.21	3.98	−1.77	−19.58	<0.001	2.39	3.66	−1.27	−14.33	<0.001
K14	1.61	3.46	−1.85	−20.75	<0.001	1.99	3.78	−1.79	−18.94	<0.001	2.12	3.53	−1.41	−14.47	<0.001
K15	1.65	3.39	−1.74	−20.28	<0.001	1.89	3.80	−1.91	−20.46	<0.001	2.05	3.53	−1.49	−15.20	<0.001
K16	1.79	3.67	−1.88	−23.84	<0.001	2.15	3.87	−1.71	−19.10	<0.001	2.19	3.50	−1.31	−14.16	<0.001
K17	1.69	3.63	−1.94	−24.32	<0.001	2.00	3.86	−1.86	−19.98	<0.001	2.09	3.46	−1.38	−14.96	<0.001
K18	1.56	3.58	−2.02	−23.63	<0.001	1.88	3.80	−1.92	−20.75	<0.001	1.92	3.38	−1.47	−14.52	<0.001
S1	2.49	4.11	−1.62	−22.11	<0.001	2.80	4.22	−1.43	−16.41	<0.001	2.97	4.06	−1.09	−13.81	<0.001
S2	2.26	4.11	−1.85	−23.90	<0.001	2.66	4.22	−1.56	−17.67	<0.001	2.85	4.06	−1.20	−14.50	<0.001
S3	2.03	3.97	−1.94	−23.44	<0.001	2.58	4.14	−1.56	−16.86	<0.001	2.83	4.06	−1.23	−16.15	<0.001
S4	2.04	3.98	−1.94	−23.31	<0.001	2.58	4.18	−1.60	−18.07	<0.001	2.87	4.09	−1.22	−15.06	<0.001
S5	1.96	3.94	−1.98	−24.45	<0.001	2.50	4.18	−1.68	−18.66	<0.001	2.88	4.08	−1.20	−14.23	<0.001
S6	1.81	3.92	−2.11	−23.61	<0.001	2.42	4.18	−1.77	−19.64	<0.001	2.78	4.07	−1.29	−15.72	<0.001
S7	1.65	3.77	−2.12	−24.84	<0.001	2.15	4.09	−1.93	−19.85	<0.001	2.63	3.99	−1.36	−16.56	<0.001
S8	1.95	3.83	−1.88	−23.24	<0.001	2.39	4.10	−1.71	−18.64	<0.001	2.79	4.06	−1.27	−15.75	<0.001
S9	1.81	3.77	−1.96	−23.72	<0.001	2.21	4.02	−1.80	−19.50	<0.001	2.58	3.90	−1.32	−15.99	<0.001
S10	1.97	3.74	−1.77	−21.57	<0.001	2.25	3.99	−1.74	−18.38	<0.001	2.56	3.84	−1.29	−14.84	<0.001
A1	1.67	3.17	−1.51	−17.14	<0.001	1.97	3.49	−1.53	−15.04	<0.001	2.48	3.72	−1.25	−15.40	<0.001
A2	2.36	3.92	−1.56	−19.97	<0.001	2.43	4.01	−1.58	−16.38	<0.001	2.72	3.82	−1.10	−13.56	<0.001
A3	2.23	3.86	−1.62	−20.25	<0.001	2.45	4.06	−1.61	−17.34	<0.001	2.68	3.92	−1.24	−15.06	<0.001
A4	2.59	3.86	−1.27	−16.29	<0.001	2.73	4.02	−1.28	−13.97	<0.001	3.02	3.80	−0.79	−10.40	<0.001
A5	2.21	3.86	−1.65	−20.50	<0.001	2.41	3.98	−1.58	−15.46	<0.001	2.53	3.83	−1.30	−14.68	<0.001
A6	2.23	3.77	−1.54	−19.24	<0.001	2.51	3.95	−1.44	−13.66	<0.001	2.80	3.84	−1.03	−11.86	<0.001
A7	2.73	3.87	−1.14	−12.99	<0.001	2.96	4.04	−1.08	−11.34	<0.001	3.17	3.79	−0.61	−9.00	<0.001
A8	2.63	3.86	−1.23	−15.38	<0.001	2.70	4.02	−1.32	−13.07	<0.001	2.58	3.75	−1.17	−12.44	<0.001
K	1.70	3.61	−1.91	-	-	2.00	3.83	−1.84	-	-	2.16	3.57	−1.41	-	-
S	2.00	3.92	−1.92	-	-	2.46	4.13	−1.68	-	-	2.77	4.02	−1.25	-
A	2.33	3.77	−1.44	-	-	2.52	3.95	−1.43	-	-	2.75	3.81	−1.06	-
Overall	1.92	3.73	−1.81	-	-	2.24	3.94	−1.70	-	-	2.46	3.75	−1.29	-	-

^aP: Perceived current level of competency; E: Perceived expected level of competency; Q = P – E (Gap between the perceived current and perceived expected competency levels).

^bThese indicators are detailed in Figure 1.