Socio-culturally responsive medical professionalism and ethics education: A curriculum co-creation approach

Figures & data

Table 1. Learning topics and competency area for MPEE.

Ethics	Professionalism
Principles of Biomedical Ethics	Respect
Good Medical Practice	Responsibility & Accountability
Code of Professional Conduct	Excellence and Scholarship
Consent	Honour and Integrity
Confidentiality	Altruism
Research Ethics	Leadership and Team work
Clinical Ethics	Cultural Competency and Managing Diversity
Ethical Issues at the End of Life	Compassion and Empathy
Ethical Issues in Paediatrics	Confidentiality
Ethical Issues in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Ethical Issues in Organ Donation
MMC Ethical Guidelines

Table 2. Adaptation of Taba’s principles, Harre and Van Langenhove’s positioning theory and Vygotsky’s sociocultural learning theory on our project framework.

Week 1 – Week 5	Responsibility-sharing between medical educator and students	Setting co-creation environment, describing roles and expectations Diagnosing individual and group learning needs Negotiating learning objectives/goals across knowledge domain, attitude domain and skill domain Selecting contents that carry socio-culturally relevance Organizing contents into subtopics or learning units	Co-creation tools: Role playing Discussion building Scaffolding tools: Goal mapping Brainstorming FOK tools: Background survey Heritage short essays Positions: Co-designers Consultants
Week 6		First FGD session
Week 7 – Week 12		Selecting learning experience through pedagogical exploration Organizing learning experience based on pedagogical choice Designing assessment and ways to implement Aligning objectives, content, pedagogy and assessment Refining the co-created, socio-culturally responsive MPE framework
Week 13		Second FGD session

Table 3. A fraction of the socio-culturally responsive MPE curriculum designed via curriculum co-creation.

	Learning units
	Palliative care	Post-partum care	Organ donation	Miscellaneous
Added topics of discussion	Cultural pain differences	Sociocultural beliefs and confinement (berpantang) practices	Individual right vs social responsibility	Artificial intelligence in healthcare
	Religious concept of grief/dying	The ‘silent’ mother	Religious views on organ donation	Who are you in social media?
	End-of-life cultural practices	Traditional and complementary medicine use	Legislation issue	Patient-doctor relationship in social media