Evaluation of the potential of agricultural wastes-cattle manure and poultry manure for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil

Figures & data

Table 1. Soil parameter results against amendments for previous studies.

Soil parameter	Amendment/percent degradation				References
TPH 90-day experiment (mg/kg)	Control (Co) Deg: 53%	Biochar (B) Deg: 53%	Compost (C) Deg: 60%	B + C Deg: 62%	Olivia, Rachel, and Melissa 2019
TPH 99-day experiment (mg/kg)	PKHA/CD Deg: 64%	PKHA Deg: 59%	NPK Deg: 77%	Cow manure Deg: 69%	Ofoegbu, Momoh, and Nwaogazie 2015
TPH 28-day experiment (mg/kg)	Co Deg: 32%	Goat manure Deg: 87%	Poultry manure Deg: 79%	Cow manure Deg: 71%	Obiakalaije et al. 2015

PKHA: palm kernel ash; CD: cow dung; NPK: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; Deg: hydrocarbon degradation.

Table 2. A Summary showing and comparing CM and PM ratio used and extent of STPH degradation.

Ratio (w/w)	Amendment	Concentration (mg/kg)/Extent of degradation %
1:1 1:2	CM	51981/23 56896/15
1:1 1:2	PM	42978/36 48789/27

CM: cattle manure; PM: poultry manure; STPH: speciated total petroleum hydrocarbons.

Table 3. Concentrations (mg/kg) of hydrocarbon fractions in contaminated soil, and bioremediated soils by cattle and poultry manures.

Sample	Hydrocarbons (mg/kg) fractions
CS	Ali	nC10-nC12 473.38	nC12-nC16 16611	nC16-nC35 95674	nC35-nC40 1922
CS + 0.5 kg_CM	Ali	nC10-nC12 326.78	nC12-nC16 13036	nC16-nC35 77526	nC35-nC40 1929.9
CS + 1 kg_CM	Ali	nC10-nC12 270.71	nC12-nC16 6182	nC16-nC35 18037	nC35-nC40 340.5
CS + 0.5 kg_PM	Ali	nC10-nC12 13.93	nC12-nC16 308.59	nC16-nC35 1107.199	nC35-nC40 0.824
CS + 1 kg_PM	Ali	nC10-nC12 11.25	nC12-nC16 280.44	nC16-nC35 919.21	nC35-nC40 0.465

CS: contaminated soil; CM: cattle manure; PM: poultry manure; Ali: aliphatic.

Olivia, C. U., K. T. Rachel, and A. K. Melissa. 2019. Effects of community-accessible biochar and compost on diesel-contaminated soil. Bioremediation Journal 23 (2):107–117. doi: 10.1080/10889868.2019.1603139.

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Ofoegbu, R. U., Y. O. L. Momoh, and I. L. Nwaogazie. 2015. Bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using organic and inorganic fertilizers. Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology 6 (1):198. doi: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000198.

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Obiakalaije, U. M., O. A. Makinde, and E. R. Amakoromo. 2015. Bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil using animal waste. International Journal of Environmental Bioremediation & Biodegradation 3 (3):79–85.http://pubs.sciepub.com/ijebb/3/3/2.

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Data availability statement

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article.