Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Survivors of Multiple Childhood Trauma: A Pilot Effectiveness Study

Figures & data

Table 1. Pre-, mid-, and post-treatment and one-month follow up means, standard deviations and change estimates for study variables

Variable	Pre M (SD)	Mid M (SD)	Pst M (SD)	FU M (SD)	ΔPre-Pst M	Effect Size d	ΔPre-FU M	Effect Size d
Primary Outcome Measures
CAPS PTSD Symptom Severity	70.82 (9.80)		43.26 (21.58)	27.14 (19.28)	−27.56	−2.81	−43.68**	−4.46
Davidson Trauma Scale	63.89 (13.00)	43.97 (23.49)	24.04 (16.64)	24.19 (18.92)	−39.85	−3.06	−39.71**	−3.05
Secondary Outcome Measures
Beck Depression Inventory	22.32 (9.92)	14.39 (9.10)	6.47 (5.82)	7.32 (7.52)	−15.84	−1.6	−14.99**	−1.51
SIDES-SR Total	37.46 (12.94)	28.44 (12.86)	19.42 (13.77)	18.52 (12.35)	−18.04	−1.21	−18.94*	−1.27
SIDES-SR Affect Dysregulation	13.89 (5.93)	10.23 (4.08)	6.56 (5.13)	6.22 (4.21)	−7.34	−1.24	−7.68†	−1.29
SIDES-SR Dissociation	5.73 (2.62)	4.53 (2.58)	3.32 (1.85)	2.78 (2.30)	−2.41	−0.92	−2.95	−1.13
SIDES-SR Self Perception	6.45 (3.14)	4.94 (3.53)	3.42 (3.86)	3.02 (3.39)	−3.04	−0.97	−3.43	−1.09
SIDES-SR Relationships	4.99 (2.12)	3.84 (2.58)	2.69 (2.64)	2.94 (2.55)	−2.29	−1.08	−2.05†	−0.97
SIDES-SR Somatization	1.89 (1.19)	1.66 (1.67)	1.42 (1.67)	1.92 (1.78)	−0.48	−0.41	0.02	0.02
SIDES-SR Systems of Meaning	4.48 (2.67)	3.19 (2.67)	1.9 (2.14)	1.62 (1.78)	−2.57	−0.96	−2.86	−1.07
Potential Change Mechanisms
Self-Compassion Scale Total	3.10 (.24)	3.18 (.78)	3.25 (.67)	3.28 (.74)	0.14	0.60	0.17	0.72
MAIA Noticing	2.79 (1.28)	3.00 (1.33)	3.21 (.88)	3.14 (1.09)	0.43	0.33	0.36	0.28
MAIA Not-Distracting	1.68 (.73)	2.20 (1.37)	2.73 (1.30)	1.94 (.97)	1.05	1.45	0.27*	0.37
MAIA Not-Worrying	2.72 (1.18)	2.58 (1.15)	2.43 (.56)	3.05 (.75)	−0.29	−0.25	0.32†	0.27
MAIA Attention Regulation	2.26 (.98)	2.61 (.98)	2.96 (.91)	2.82 (1.09)	0.69	0.71	0.56	0.57
MAIA Emotional Awareness	3.32 (.93)	3.49 (1.21)	3.66 (.84)	3.57 (.89)	0.34	0.37	0.26	0.28
MAIA Self-Regulation	2.54 (.92)	2.72 (1.17)	2.89 (1.04)	3.26 (1.01)	0.36	0.39	0.72	0.78
MAIA Body Listening	1.96 (1.11)	2.07 (1.18)	2.18 (1.06)	2.65 (1.16)	0.22	0.20	0.70	0.63
MAIA Trusting	2.31 (1.15)	2.74 (1.37)	3.16 (.96)	3.71 (.86)	0.85	0.74	1.40	1.21

Note: † = .10, * p < .05, ** p < .01; Pre = pre-treatment assessment, Mid = mid-treatment assessment, Pst = immediate post treatment assessment, FU = 1-month post-treatment assessment; M = mean, SD = standard deviation, d = effect size indicator with .2, .5, and .8 indicating small, medium, and large effect sizes.

Figure 1. Participant flow through the study

Figure 2. Change over time in posttraumatic stress symptom severity on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) from study pre-treatment assessment (1), to post-treatment assessment (2) and 1-month follow up (3).