Characteristics of Volatile Compounds of Starches Extracted with Aqueous Solutions

Figures & data

Table 1 Abundance of selected volatile compounds associated with wheat starch prior to and upon extractions with aqueous NaOH, ethanol, and SDS solutions.

	Peak area (10^6)
Compound name	Control	NaOH extracted	Ethanol extracted	SDS extracted
2-Propanone	18.4	— ^a	—	—
Acetic acid ethyl ester	3.2	—	—	—
Nitromethane	7.7	—	—	—
1-Butanol	12.0	4.2	5.0	—
1-Pentanol	1.2	—	—	—
Methylbenzene	1.6	—	—	—
Carbonic acid diethyl ester	2.9	—	—	—
Hexanal	28.4	10.0	6.6	110.1
2-Hexenal	Trace ^b	—	—	—
2-Heptanone	Trace	—	—	—
Heptanal	3.2	—	—	2.6
2-Pentylfuran	4.5	—	—	Trace
2-Heptenal	—	—	—	3.2
Octanal	1.3	Trace	1.1	Trace
Benzaldehyde	0.8	—	2.1	—
(E)-3-Octen-2-one	2.4	—	—	2.7
(E)-2-Octenal	3.1	—	1.8	2.6
(E)-4-Nonenal	—	—	—	5.9
1-Nitrohexane	3.1	—	—	—
Nonanal	17.8	3.6	—	16.8
(E)-2-Nonenal	10.7	—	—	10.5
Decanal	6.0	2.5	—	5.0
Tetradecane	7.1	3.0	—	5.0
Pentadecane	14.1	5.1	—	9.4
Hexadecane	Trace	2.4	—	5.8
^aNot determined;
^bDetermined at a very low level but not quantified.

Table 2 Abundance of selected volatile compounds associated with corn starch prior to and upon extractions with aqueous NaOH, ethanol, and SDS solutions.

	Peak area (10^6)
Compound name	Control	NaOH extracted	Ethanol extracted	SDS extracted
2-Propanone	3.3	— ^a	4.6	—
Pentane	—	—	—	16.9
Acetic acid ethyl ester	3.8	—	—	—
Nitromethane	11.8	—	—	—
1-Butanol	21.8	5.1	—	11.8
Pentanal	6.4	—	—	54.0
1-Pentanol	4.2	—	—	20.2
Methylbenzene	2.9	—	6.3	—
Carbonic acid diethyl ester	2.3	—	1.2	—
Hexanal	59.3	17.2	54.3	600.9
2-Hexenal	—	—	3.6	3.9
2-Heptanone	—	—	—	6.3
Heptanal	3.5	2.6	3.6	9.4
2,4-Hexadienal	—	—	—	4.0
1-Octen-3-ol	—	—	—	4.8
2-Pentylfuran	3.3	—	2.3	18.0
(E)-2-Heptenal	—	—	—	36.5
Octanal	3.1	1.2	3.8	7.0
Benzaldehyde	Trace ^b	Trace	3.3	—
(E)-3-Octen-2-one	3.7	—	—	31.1
(E)-2-Octenal	7.0	1.8	8.4	39.0
1-Nitrohexane	2.6	—	—	19.4
Nonanal	21.2	10.9	44.0	90.0
(E)-2-Nonenal	14.1	5.0	24.7	57.9
Decanal	12.8	3.1	21.2	30.4
Tetradecane	13.2	1.9	2.8	Trace
(E, Z)-2,4-Decadienal	—	—	—	2.3
Pentadecane	14.4	2.9	—	—
Hexadecane	8.1	1.6	—	—
^aNot determined;
^bDetermined at a very low level but not quantified.

Table 3 Abundance of selected volatile compounds associated with potato starch prior to and upon extractions with aqueous NaOH, ethanol, and SDS solutions.

	Peak area (10^6)
Compound name	Control	NaOH extracted	Ethanol extracted	SDS extracted
2-Propanone	3.1	7.8	3.2	— ^a
Nitromethane	3.5	—	—	—
1-Butanol	9.5	19.9	11.4	—
Pentanal	9.9	—	—	—
Methylbenzene	3.0	—	2.8	—
Hexanal	112.5	62.8	83.1	33.9
2-Hexenal	2.3	—	Trace ^b	—
2-Heptanone	3.4	—	3.3	—
Heptanal	5.7	2.5	2.8	—
2-Pentylfuran	18.9	6.1	21.7	2.8
Octanal	3.3	3.3	3.6	2.3
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol	1.9	2.1	2.5	—
Benzaldehyde	Trace	1.7	1.9	2.5
(E)-2-Heptenal	5.3	16.2	11.2	5.7
(E)-2-Octenal	18.5	18.7	17.2	3.7
1-Nitrohexane	7.2	6.4	7.6	1.3
Nonanal	11.9	10.9	10.6	5.3
(E)-2-Nonenal	1.6	3.2	2.7	—
Decanal	11.0	12.2	10.5	5.8
t, t-2,4-Nonadienal	2.4	1.9	2.4	—
Tetradecane	Trace	5.2	2.5	2.2
Pentadecane	2.7	6.5	2.0	4.5
Hexadecane	—	—	—	2.5
^aNot determined;
^bDetermined at a very low level but not quantified.

Figure 1 Abundance of total volatile compounds associated with different starches prior to and upon extractions with aqueous NaOH, ethanol, and SDS solutions.

Figure 2 Abundance of hexanal associated with different starches prior to and upon extractions with aqueous NaOH, ethanol, and SDS solutions.