A Review on Lycopene—Extraction, Purification, Stability and Applications

Figures & data

Figure 1 Structure of Lycopene with molecular formula C₄₀H₅₆ and atomic mass 536.

Table 1 Common name, types, and species of lycopene

Common name	Type	Species
Aglaonema aroid	Fruit	Aglaonema commutatum
Apricot	Fruit	Prunus Armeniaca
Arbutus	Leaf	Arbutus unedo
Aubergine	Fruit	Solanum melongena
Berry	Fruit	Tamus communis
Bitter melon	Fruit	Momordica charantia
Bitter nightshade	Fruit	Solanum dulcamara
Calendula	Flower	Calendula officinalis
Carrot	Root	Daucus carota
Citrus	Fruit	Citrus spp.
Cuckoo pint	Tuber	Arun maculatum
Cowberry	Fruit	Vaccinium vitis-iddaea var minus
Cloudberry	Fruit	Rubus chamaemorus
Cranberry	Fruit	Vaccinium vitis
Damask rose	Fruit	Rosa damascena
Date palm	Fruit	Phoenix dactylifera
Eggplant	Fruit	Solanum melongena
European nettle	Plant	Urtica dioica
Gazania	Plant	Gazania rigenz
Grapefruit	Fruit	Citrus paradisi
Guava	Fruit	Psidium guajava
Mango	Fruit	Mangifera indica
Palm	Oil	Elaeis spp.
Papaya	Fruit	Carica papaya
Peach	Fruit	Prunus persica
Pepper	Fruit	Capsicum annuum
Pepper berry	Fruit	Piper nigrum
Persimmom	Fruit	Diospyros kaki
Plum	Fruit	Prunus domestica
Pumpkin	Fruit	Cucurbita pepo
Ramanas rose	Plant	Rossa rubiginosa
Rose	Fruit	Rosa canica
Rutabaga	Root	Brassica napus var. napobrassica
Saffron	Seed	Crocus sativus
Sallow thorn	Fruit	Hippophae rhamnoides
Tea	Leaf	Camellia sinensis
Tomato	Fruit	Lycopersicon esculentum
Turnip	Root	Brassica rapa var. rapa
Watermelon	Fruit	Citrullus lanatus
Yew	Fruit	Taxus baccata

Table 2 Lycopene content (mg/100g⁻¹)

	Peel		Pulp
Varieties	FWB	DWB	FWB	DWB
DT-2	8.1	81.1	5.22	125
5656	10.7	104	4.5	90.9
7711	8.97	87.9	4.37	106
RASMI	10.8	99	4.3	101
PUSA GAURAV	10.2	107	3.98	84.3
DTH-7	4.83	63.3	2.73	57.2
FA-180	7.58	82.4	2.48	63.6
FA-574	6.12	68	2.18	54.8
R-144	6.24	72.1	2.04	51.1

Figure 2 Lycopene oxidation products in human serum.

Figure 3 Suggested pathway of the formation of apo-6-lycopenal and 2-methyl-2-hepten-6-one from Lycopene upon photo sensitization.