Evaluation of Mathematical Models for Prediction of Thin-Layer Drying of Banana Slices

Figures & data

Table 1 Drying conditions during experiment in the hot air dryer

Drying temperature(°C)	Relative humidity(%)	Equilibrium moisture content(kg water/kg dry matter)
50	25	0.020
60	15	0.019
70	8	0.016
80	4	0.012

Table 2 Thin-layer drying models tested for banana slices

Model name	Model equation	References
Henderson and Pabis	MR = a exp(−kt)	[22,23]
Logarithmic	MR = a exp(−kt)+ c	[9,13,15 ]
Page	MR = exp(−kt^n )	[11,12,24]
Parabolic	MR = a + bt + ct ^2	[25]
Wang and Singh	MR = 1 + at + bt ^2	[26,27]

Figure 1 Variation of moisture content of banana slices versus drying time for various temperatures.

Figure 2 Drying rate versus moisture content of banana slices.

Table 3 Statistical results obtained from various thin-layer drying models

Model name	T (°C)	R^2	RMSE
Henderson and Pabis	50	0.9986	0.04594
	60	0.9989	0.03398
	70	0.9986	0.03834
	80	0.9936	0.07417
Logarithmic	50	0.9995	0.02800
	60	0.9992	0.02980
	70	0.9997	0.01707
	80	0.9992	0.01850
Page	50	0.9994	0.02864
	60	0.9991	0.03630
	70	0.9998	0.01141
	80	0.9992	0.03133
Parabolic	50	0.9928	0.10383
	60	0.9950	0.07795
	70	0.9986	0.03925
	80	0.9990	0.02897
Wang and Singh	50	0.9848	0.16019
	60	0.9911	0.10605
	70	0.9978	0.04968
	80	0.9992	0.01894

Figure 3 Comparison of experimental moisture ratio of banana slices with fitted moisture ratio from the Page and Logarithmic models at 50°C.

Figure 4 Comparison of experimental moisture ratio of banana slices with fitted moisture ratio from the Page and Logarithmic models at 60°C.

Figure 5 Comparison of experimental moisture ratio of banana slices with fitted moisture ratio from the Page and Logarithmic models at 70°C.

Figure 6 Comparison of experimental moisture ratio of banana slices with fitted moisture ratio from the Page and Logarithmic models at 80°C.

Table 4 Values of effective diffusivity obtained for banana slices at different temperatures

Temperature(°C)	Effective diffusivity(Deff), m^2/s
50	7.374 × 10^−11
60	1.074 × 10^−10
70	1.356 × 10^−10
80	2.148 × 10^−10

Figure 7 Influence of air temperature on the effective diffusivity.

Table 5 Some agricultural products activation energies

Material	Ea (kJ/mol)	References
Green mango	22.30	[14]
Sweet potato	18.21	[30]
Kiwi fruit	27.00	[11]
Red apple	19.95–22.62	[18]
Strawberry	30.46–35.57	[36]
Banana	32.65	Present work

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