Selected Geometric and Mechanical Properties of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Grain

Figures & data

Table 1 Selected geometric properties of Mauritia and Prestige barley varieties.*

	Mauritia		Prestige
Moisture content (% w.b.)	12.50%	17.50%	12.50%	17.50%
Length** (mm)	9.19^a	9.43^b	9.14^a	9.36^b
Width** (mm)	3.82^a	3.79^a	3.91^b	3.93^b
Thickness** (mm)	2.68^a	2.78^a	2.78^a	2.76^a
Sphericity** (%)	49.5^ab	49.2^a	50.7^c	49.8^b
Aspect ratio** (%)	41.6^b	40.3^a	42.9^c	42.1^b
De*** (mm)	4.36^a	4.47^b	4.39^a	4.47^b
Ap** (mm^2)	25.4^a	25.6^a	25.9^a	26.5^b
Agg** (mm^2)	77.3^a	80.2^bc	79.5^b	81.2^c
Ag** (mm^2)	71.3^a	74.9^b	71.3^a	74.6^b
Vgg** (mm^3)	49.3^aB	52.1^bB	52.2^bB	53.3^bB
Vg*** (mm^3)	43.4^aA	46.8^bA	44.2^aA	46.7^bA
Bulk density*** (kg/m^3)	596.8^a	599.6^a	646.5^c	637.1^b
Apparent density*** (kg/m^3)	1007.2^b	970.5^a	1042.6^d	1020.9^c
Porosity***	0.407^c	0.382^b	0.380^ab	0.376^a
Terminal velocity**** (m/s)	7.96^a	8.15^a	8.54^b	8.74^b
Drag coefficient****	0.440^b	0.439^b	0.398^a	0.387^a
Angle of repose*** (deg)	19.1b^c	19.7^c	18.8^b	18.1^a
1000 kernels mass*** (g)	48.6^a	51.2^b	52.3^c	55.1^d
* Within the rows, mean values with the same lowercase letter superscripts are not significantly different. Within the columns, mean values with the same uppercase letters superscripts are not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). ** No. of observations = 180; *** No. of observations = 16; and **** No. of observations = 10.

Table 2 Static coefficient of friction of Mauritia and Prestige barely varieties against different surfaces.* ^§

	Mauritia		Prestige
Moisture content (% w.b.)	12.50%	17.50%	12.50%	17.50%
Galvanized metal sheet	0.400^aA	0.437^bB	0.411^aA	0.401^aA
Plywood	0.490^bB	0.494^bC	0.445^aB	0.497^bB
Plexiglass	0.373^aA	0.389^aA	0.384^aA	0.413^bA
* Within the rows, mean values with the same lowercase letters superscripts are not significantly different. Within the columns, mean values with the same uppercase letters superscripts are not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). ^§ No. of observations: 16.

Figure 1 A model force-deformation curve of quasi-static compression of a single kernel of Mauritia and Prestige barley cultivars with (a) 12.5% and (b) 17.5% grain moisture content.

Table 3 Displacement, force and energy required for the deformation of kernels of Mauritia and Prestige barley varieties at the bioyield point.* ^{, §}

	Mauritia		Prestige
Moisture content (% w.b.)	12.50%	17.50%	12.50%	17.50%
Displacement (mm)	0.728^b		0.616^a
Force (N)	116.4^c	85.7^b	117.5^c	59.8^a
Energy (J)	0.0343^c	0.0239^b	0.0328^c	0.0147^a
* Within the rows, mean values with the same lowercase letters superscripts are not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). ^§ No. of observations: 39.

Table 4 Displacement, force and energy required for the deformation of kernels of Mauritia and Prestige barley varieties at the rupture point.* ^§

	Mauritia		Prestige
Moisture kontent (% w.b.)	12.50%	17.50%	12.50%	17.50%
Displacement (mm)	1.180^a		1.321^b
Force (N)	163.1^a	162.9^a	193.3^b	187.6^b
Energy (J)	0.0964^b	0.0722^a	0.1427^c	0.0984^b
* Within the rows, mean values with the same lowercase letters superscripts are not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). ^§ No. of observations: 39.