Coagulation Kinetics of High Pressure Treated Acidified Milk Gel for Preparation Chhana (An Indian Soft Cottage Cheese)

Figures & data

Table 1 Experimental design of independent variables

	Real values of independent variables
Coded values of independent variables	Pressure X1 (MPa)	Pressurisation time X2 (min)	Coagulation temperature X3 (°C)
+1.682	400	100	70
+1	330	85.5	60
0	300	50	50
−1	270	14.5	40
−1.682	200	0	30
	Experimental plan with coded form of independent variables
Sl No	x1	x2	x3
1	−1	−1	−1
2	−1	−1	1
3	−1	1	−1
4	−1	1	1
5	1	−1	−1
6	1	−1	1
7	1	1	−1
8	1	1	1
9	−1.682	0	0
10	1.682	0	0
11	0	−1.682	0
12	0	1.682	0
13	0	0	−1.682
14	0	0	1.682
15	0	0	0
16	0	0	0
17	0	0	0
18	0	0	0
19	0	0	0
20	0	0	0
21	0	0	0
x1: Coded value of pressure; x2: Coded value of pressurization time; x3: Coded value of coagulation temperature; LT: Lag time; MCT: Mean coagulation time; and IT: Inflexion time.

Figure 1 Typical coagulation curve of optical density ratio vs. time.

Table 2 Estimated values of quality of acid gel

	Independent variables			Dependent variables
Sl No	X 1	X 2	X 3	LT	MCT	IT
1	270	14.5	40	0.0018	4.18	5.76
2	270	14.5	60	0.0022	3.87	6.28
3	270	85.5	40	0.0026	4.23	4.78
4	270	85.5	60	0.0027	4.02	6.43
5	330	14.5	40	0.0035	3.03	7.34
6	330	14.5	60	0.0027	4.12	5.81
7	330	85.5	40	0.0023	3.76	3.79
8	330	85.5	60	0.0015	4.17	3.12
9	200	50	50	0.0016	4.01	3.98
10	400	50	50	0.0022	3.12	4.23
11	300	0	50	0.0025	2.86	5.34
12	300	100	50	0.0018	3.12	3.34
13	300	50	40	0.0018	2.98	3.54
14	300	50	70	0.0027	3.02	3.01
15	300	50	50	0.0024	2.67	3.54
16	300	50	50	0.0023	2.76	3.67
17	300	50	50	0.0023	2.71	3.55
18	300	50	50	0.0025	2.77	3.49
19	300	50	50	0.0024	2.76	3.55
20	300	50	50	0.0025	2.72	3.51
	300	50	50	0.0025	2.72	3.51
X 1: Pressure (MPa); X 2: Pressurization time (min); X 3: Coagulation temperature (°C); LT: Lag time (min); MCT: Mean coagulation time (min); and IT Inflexion time (min).

Table 3 Estimated values of quality parameters of liquid honey powder obtained from the optimized combinations of the ingredients

Sl. No	Quality parameters	Estimated values
1	Lag time (min)	0.0028
2	Mean coagulation time (min)	3.87
3	Inflexion time (min)	5.19

Figure 2 Surface plots showing the effect of coded values of high pressure variables on lag time (a) pressure and pressurization time; (b) pressure and coagulation temperature; and (c) pressurisation time and coagulation temperature.

Figure 3 Surface plots showing the effect of coded values of highpressure variables on mean coagulation time (a) pressure and pressurisation time; (b) pressure and coagulation temperature; and (c) pressurisation time and coagulation temperature.

Figure 4 Surface plots showing the effect of coded values of high pressure variables on inflexion time (a) pressure and pressurisation time; (b) pressure and coagulation temperature; and (c) pressurisation time and coagulation temperature.