Chemistry and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oil and Oleoresins Extracted from the Seeds of Tomer (Zanthoxylum armatum DC)*

Figures & data

Figure 1 Antioxidant activity of Z. armatum oil and oleoresins in terms of peroxide values.

Table 1 Chemical composition (% MS) of the essential oil and oleoresins of Zanthoxylum armatum

Compound	E.O.	EtOH ole.	EtOAc ole.	Isoprop ole.	Identification^#,Φ
α-Thujene	0.1	Trace	Trace	—	MS, RI, co-GC
α-Pinene	0.2	Trace	Trace	—	MS, RI, co-GC
Sabinene	1.7	Trace	Trace	—	MS, RI, co-GC
β-Pinene	0.1	Trace	Trace	—	MS, RI, co-GC
Myrcene	2.3	Trace	Trace	—	MS, RI, co-GC
p-Cymene	0.3	Trace	Trace	—	MS, RI, co-GC
Limonene	18.1	Trace	Trace	Trace	MS, RI, co-GC
β-Phellandrene	3.8	Trace	Trace	Trace	MS, RI, co-GC
Cis-linalool oxide (furanoid)	0.4	Trace	0.1	—	MS, RI
Trans-linalool oxide (furanoid)	0.3	Trace	Trace	Trace	MS, RI
Linalool	62.0	11.7	14.5	12.8	MS, RI, co-GC
Trans-sabinene hydrate	Trace	—	0.1	0.1	MS, RI
Trans-p-2,8-menthadien-1-ol	0.1	—	—	—	MS, RI
Cis-p-2,8-menthadien-1-ol	0.1	—	—	—	MS, RI
Trans-limonene oxide + cis-verbenol	0.1	—	—	—	MS, RI
Trans-menth-3-en-8-ol	0.1	—	—	—	MS, RI
Terpinen-4-ol	0.6	—	—	—	MS, RI, co-GC
Cryptone	0.9	—	0.1	0.1	MS, RI, co-GC
α-Terpineol	0.3	—	—	0.1	MS, RI, co-GC
Cis-piperitol	0.1	—	—	—	MS, RI
Trans-carveol	0.1	—	—	0.1	MS, RI
Cumin aldehyde	0.1	—	—	—	MS, RI
Carvone	0.1	—	—	—	MS, RI
Piperitone	0.1	—	—	0.1	MS, RI
Phellandral	0.1	—	—	—	MS, RI, co-GC
Trans-methyl cinnamate	6.5	3.6	1.5	4.9	MS, RI
β-Caryophyllene	0.6	—	0.5	0.6	MS, RI, co-GC
α-Humulene	0.1	—	0.1	0.1	MS, RI, co-GC
Caryophyllene oxide	0.4	—	0.2	0.2	MS, RI, co-GC
Palmitoleic acid methyl ester	—	0.3	0.8	0.3	MS, RI, co-GC
Palmitic acid methyl ester	—	Trace	0.3	0.1	MS, RI, co-GC
Palmitoleic acid	—	10.2	23.4	24.0	MS, RI, co-GC
Palmitic acid	—	3.1	4.1	5.7	MS, RI, co-GC
Palmitoleic acid ethyl ester	—	3.2	5.1	6.1	MS, RI, co-GC
Palmitic acid ethyl ester	—	0.9	Trace	2.1	MS, RI, co-GC
Linoleic acid	—	14.5	27.5	23.5	MS, RI, co-GC
Oleic acid	—	3.6	9.2	2.7	MS, RI, co-GC
5,7-Dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxyflavone	—	4.5	—	—	MS
2-Monolinolenin (glycerol 2–9,12,15-octadecatrienoate (Z,Z,Z)	—	3.9	0.5	0.7	MS
Isosesamin	—	1.1	—	—	MS
Fargesin (7-epimer of O-methylpiperitol)	—	1.3	—	—	MS
O-Methylpiperitol	—	4.0	—	—	MS
Diaeudesmin	—	2.3	—	—	MS
Vitamin E	—	Trace	Trace	0.1	MS
Stigmast-4-en-3-one	—	0.9	Trace	—	MS
Aurantiamide acetate	—	5.1	—	—	MS
Sitosterol	—	—	0.3	0.4	MS
Aurantiamide	—	—	Trace	1.1	MS
Total	99.8	79.2	88.3	86.0
Trace: <0.05; ^#the retention index (RI) was calculated using a homologous series of n-alkanes C8-C22; ^Φco-GC: co-injection with an authentic sample. E.O.: essential oil; EtOH ole.: ethanol oleoresin; EtOAc ole.: ethyl acetate oleoresin: Isoprop ole.: isopropyl alcohol oleoresin.
Percentages are the mean of three runs and were obtained from electronic integration measurements using a selective mass detector.

Figure 2 Antioxidative effect of Z. armatum oil and oleoresins in terms of anisidine values.

Figure 3 Antioxidative effect of Z. armatum oil and oleoresins in terms of thiobarbituric acid values.

Figure 4 Antioxidative effect of Z. armatum essential oil and oleoresins in linoleic acid system.

Figure 5 Radical scavenging effect of Z. armatum essential oil and oleoresins on 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydazyl radical.

Figure 6 Fe²⁺ chelating effect of Z. armatum essential oil and oleoresins.