In Silico Evaluation of Potential DPP-III Inhibitor Precursors from Dietary Proteins

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Reported dipeptide inhibitors of DPP-III enzyme

Peptide sequence	% Inhibition	Ki (μM)	References
YY	−	5.8	[30,38]
RW	46	55.2	[5,30]
LR	100	9.8	[5,30]
MR	99	82	[5,30]
YF	−	8.4	[30]
YH	−	26.7	[30]
YL	−	29.6	[30]
YK	−	37.1	[30]
YR	−	25.3	[30,38]
RR	−	35.7	[30]
TF	−	8.4	[30]
GE	36	−	[5]
GF	46	−	[5]
PR	54	−	[5]
RF	56	−	[5]
RV	49	−	[5]
DA	25	−	[5]
HL	76	−	[5]
HK	41	−	[5]
HF	46	−	[5]
HP	16	−	[5]
IH	34	−	[5]
LW	90	39 × 10^6	[5]
LA	23	−	[5]
FA	41	−	[5]
FR	75	−	[5]
FL	58	−	[5]
FM	85	−	[5]
PE	34	−	[5]
PF	56	−	[5]
SM	32	−	[5]
WM	94	380 × 10^6	[5]
YG	31	−	[5]
YI	72	−	[5]
VY	84	250 × 10^6	[5]
KA	23	−	[5]

TABLE 2 Studied tri, tetra, and oligopeptide inhibitors of DPP-III enzyme

Peptide sequence	%Inhibition	Ki (μM)	References
GFL	82	15 × 10^6	[5]
LWM	92	31 × 10^6	[5]
RFA	99	4 × 10^6	[5]
HFRW	−	6.5	[10]
GGFL	−	15–74	[5,10,32]
AAAA	58	−	[5]
YGGF	53	4	[5,32]
WMDF	82	−	[5]
IVYPW	50	0.100	[31]
WMDF	82	−	[5]
YGGFL	92	90 × 10^6, 3.65	[5,10,32]
YGGFM	61	130 × 10^6	[5,10]
LWMRF	0.13	−	[10]
KVILF	−	−	[10]
YAGFL	−	27	[32]
SVYPW	−	5.81	[31]
GVYPW	−	3.23	[31]
AVYPW	−	1.38	[31]
LVYPW	−	0.780	[31]
VVYPW	−	2.67	[31]
FVYPW	−	0.277	[31]
YVYPW	−	0.339	[31]
WVYPW	−	0.126	[31]
FVAPW	−	14.6	[31]
YAIPW	−	25.3	[31]
YSVPW	−	33.1	[31]
LWMRFA	100	7 × 10^6	[5]
YPFVEPI	−	0.56	[32]
LVVYPWT	−	7.82	[31,32]
YGGFLRRI	−	3.41	[32]
LVVYPWTQR	−	69.9	[10]
VVYPWTQ	−	2.67	[32]

TABLE 3 Occurrence frequency (A) of DPP-III inhibitory peptides from plant commodities

Species	Protein name	UniProt ID	Inhibitors frequency (A)
Wheat (Triticum aestivum)	Gamma-gliadin	P21292	0.0662
	Glutenin, low molecular weight subunit 1D1	P10386	0.0651
	Alpha/beta-gliadin A-V	P04725	0.0501
	Alpha/beta-gliadin	P02863	0.0664
	Glutenin, high molecular weight subunit 12	P08488	0.0439
	HMW glutenin	Q84UY5	0.030
Barley (Hordeum vulgare)	B hordein	Q40026	0.0620
	D hordein	Q40054	0.0381
	Gamma-hordein-3	P80198	0.0449
	B3-hordein	P06471	0.0568
	C-hordein	P06472	0.0666
Corn (Zea mays)	Zein-alpha	P24450	0.0901
	Zein-beta	P08031	0.0828
Jack-bean (Canavalia ensiformis)	Concanavalin-A	P02866	0.0551
Oat (Avena sativa)	Avenin	P27919	0.0744
	11S globulin	Q38779	0.0707
	12s globulin	O49257	0.072
	12S seed storage globulin 1	P12615	0.0868
	12S seed storage globulin 2	P14812	0.0945
Soyabean (Glycine max)	Basic 7S globulin	P13917	0.0702
	Glycinin	P04347	0.0736
	Beta-conglycinin, alpha chain	P13916	0.0892
	Beta-conglycinin, beta chain	P25974	0.0933
Rapeseed (Brassica napus)	Cruciferin	P11090	0.0778
	Napin	P17333	0.077
	Napin-B	P27740	0.0786
	Cruciferin	P11090	0.0778
	Cruciferin CRU4	P33522	0.0903
	Cruciferin BnC1	P33523	0.0836
Pea (Pisum sativum)	Legumin A	P02857	0.0696
	PEA Legumin B (Fragment)	P14594	0.0355
	PEA Legumin J	P05692	0.0636
	Legumin K	P05693	0.0571
	PEA Legumin A2	P15838	0.0730
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)	Legumin	Q9SMJ4	0.0685
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)	Phaseolin, beta-type	P02853	0.0688
	Leucoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin	P05087	0.0808
	Erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin	P05088	0.0618
Cardboard Palm (Zamia furfuracea)	Vicilin; 7S globulin	Q41727	0.07
Broad bean (Vicia faba)	Legumin type B	P05190	0.0764
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)	11S globulin seed storage protein G3	P19084	0.0689
Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima)	11S globulin subunit beta	P13744	0.0854
Radish (Raphanus sativus)	Cruciferin PGCRURSE5	Q02498	0.0688

TABLE 4 Occurrence frequency (A) of DPP-III inhibitory peptides from animal commodities

Species	Protein	UniProt ID	Inhibitors frequency (A)
Chicken	Ovostatin	P20740	0.0787
(Gallus gallus)	Connectin/titin (Fragment)	Q98918	0.0758
	Collagen alpha-1(I)	P02457	0.0715
	Collagen alpha-1(III)	P12105	0.0713
	Collagen alpha-3(VI)	P15989	0.0803
	Collagen alpha-1(IX)	P12106	0.0728
	Annexin A5	P17153	0.0996
	Collectin-12	Q2LK54	0.0539
	Myosin light chain 1	P02604	0.0625
	Myosin heavy chain	P13538	0.0778
	Hemoglobin subunit beta	P02112	0.1088
	Myoglobin	P02197	0.0779
	Serum albumin	P19121	0.0829
Chicken egg	Ovotransferrin	P02789	0.0624
(Gallus gallus)	Ovalbumin	P01012	0.0803
	Ovomucoid	P01005	0.0619
	Alpha-S1-casein	P02662	0.0747
Cow milk	Beta-casein	P02666	0.0758
(Bovine)	Kappa-casein	P02668	0.0684
	Beta-lactoglobulin	P02754	0.0505
	Alpha-lactalbumin	P00711	0.0915
	Lactotransferrin	P24627	0.0607
Bovine	Myosin-1	Q9BE40	0.0639
Storage proteins	Myosin regulatory light chain 12B	A4IF97	0.0877
	Actin, cytoplasmic 1	P60712	0.0586
	Collagen alpha-1(II) chain	P02459	0.0753

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