Structural Characterization and Antineoplastic Activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mannoprotein

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Effect of different methods on deproteinization and polysaccharide loss

Methods	Deproteinization rate (%)	Polysaccharides loss rate (%)
CaCl2	58.34 ± 1.98^c	33.31 ± 1.13^ab
NaCl	47.62 ± 0.77^d	35.74 ± 0.71^a
Seveage	45.72 ± 1.47^d	37.42 ± 0.42^a
TCA	70.94 ± 1.92^b	27.63 ± 0.98^c
Freezed	38.61 ± 1.22^e	30.35 ± 1.01^bc
Bentonite	58.82 ± 1.01^c	29.11 ± 0.57^bc
Protamex	75.42 ± 1.47^a	16.23 ± 1.52^d

Note: Mean values within the same row bearing different superscript letters differ significantly (P < 0.05).

FIGURE 1 The gel filtration chromatogram of crude S. cerviseae mannoprotein.

TABLE 2 Yeast and mannoprotein compositions

			S. cerevisiae mannan
	Yeast	YCW^a	Crude mannoprotein	Purified mannoprotein 1^b	Purified mannoprotein 2^c
Dry weight	100	23.52 ± 0.6	8.65 ± 0.02	6.42 ± 0.12	5.40 ± 0.07
Carbohydrate (as glucose)	35.09 ± 1.85	85.23 ± 0.82	70.79 ± 0.58	87.43 ± 1.85	93.72 ± 2.89
Mannan	10.43 ± 0.37	35.41 ± 1.46	65.05 ± 1.19	83.92 ± 0.42	92.61 ± 1.93
β-Glucan	15.74 ± 0.42	48.02 ± 2.23	6.03 ± 0.20	6.31 ± 0.78	1.64 ± 0.07
Protein	51.42 ± 2.53	9.39 ± 0.35	20.97 ± 0.23	11.51 ± 0.42	5.20 ± 0.08
Fat	5.21 ± 0.12	4.32 ± 0.09	Trace	Trace	Trace
Ash	6.54 ± 0.25	3.21 ± 0.13	2.84 ± 0.07	2.91 ± 0.16	Trace

Note: All data represent dry weight ratios.

^aYCW: Yeast cell wall.

^bPurified mannoprotein 1 is the mannoprotein obtained by removing the protein.

^cPurified mannoprotein 2 is the mannoprotein obtained by gel filtration chromatography.

FIGURE 2 The FTIR spectra of S. cerviseae mannoprotein.

FIGURE 3 (A) ¹H NMR spectra of S. cerviseae mannoprotein. (B) ¹³C NMR spectra of S. cerviseae mannoprotein.

TABLE 3 Amino acid analysis of S. cerviseae mannoprotein

Amino acid	Content (%)	Amino acid	Content (%)
Asp	14.96	Cys-s	0.08
Glu	10.98	Val	7.55
Ser	11.46	Met	0.28
His	1.539	Phe	2.68
Gly	3.93	Ile	3.19
Thr	20.08	Leu	2.77
Arg	1.21	Lys	4.30
Ala	8.51	Pro	5.46
Tyr	1.02

FIGURE 4 (A) The two-dimensional image of S. cerviseae mannoprotein aquired by Atomic Force Microscope. (B) The three-dimensional image of S. cerviseae mannoprotein aquired by Atomic Force Microscope.

FIGURE 5 (A) The inhibition ratio of S. cerevisiae mannoprotein concentration effect to HepG2. (B) The inhibition ratio of S. cerevisiae mannoprotein concentration effect to HL-60. (C) The inhibition ratio of S. cerevisiae mannoprotein concentration effect to Ecal09. SMP: S. cerevisiae mannoprotein; DSMP: Degraded S. cerevisiae mannoprotein; IR: Inhibition ratio.