Fat Mimicking Properties of Citric Acid Treated Sweet Potato Starch

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Physicochemical properties

Physicochemical properties	NSPS	CTSPS
Starch recovery yield (%)	100^a	90.73^b
Dextrose equivalent (DE) (%)	—	2.05
Amylose (%)	18.56^a	25.81^b
Crystallinity (%)	35.33^a	39.84^b
Granule size (µm)	8.61^a	8.30^a
Moisture (%)	14.11^a	9.50^b
Dry matter (%)	85.89^a	90.50^b
Melting point (°C)	67.00^a	51.44^b
Clear point (°C)	—	61.33^b
Gel thermo reversibility	No	Yes
In vitro digestibility (%)	63.27^a	71.65^b

Mean values followed by the different letters within the row are significantly different (p < 0.05).

TABLE 2 Functional properties of sweet potato starches

Functional properties	NSPS	CTSPS
Water holding capacity (%)	34.90^a	44.73^b
Emulsion activity (%)	54.44^a	64.33^b
Emulsion stability (%)	42.99^a	42.94^a

Mean values followed by the different letters within the row are significantly different (p < 0.05).

TABLE 3 Textural profile of native and citric acid treated sweet potato starch

Samples	Hardness (Kg)	Adhesiveness (Kg/s)	Springiness	Cohesiveness	Chewiness	Gumminess
NSPS	1.644^a	0.05^a	0.74^a	0.49^a	0.40^a	0.54^a
CTSPS	0.392^b	0.01^a	0.69^a	0.62^b	0.17 ^a	0.24^a

Mean values followed by the different letters within the column are significantly different (p < 0.05).

TABLE 4 Pasting properties of native and citric acid treated sweet potato starch

Parameters	NSPS	CTSPS
Peak viscosity (cP)	6338.00^a	4856.66^b
Trough viscosity (cP)	3288.00^a	1935.00^b
Break down (cP)	3050.00^a	2921.66^b
Final viscosity (cP)	4290.66^a	3000.00^b
Set back (cP)	1002.66^a	1065.00^a
Peak time (Min)	4.00^a	3.82^b
Peak temperature (°C)	70.81^a	71.25^b

Mean values followed by the different letters within the rows are significantly different (p < 0.05).

TABLE 5 Thermal properties of native and citric acid treated sweet potato starch

Sample	Gelatinization temperature (°C)			Δ H (J/g)
	To	Tp	Tc
NSPS	42.31^a	81.25^a	116.12^a	12.96^a
CTSPS	37.85^b	84.75^b	120.72^b	12.57^b

T_o, T_p, and T_c stand for onset, peak, and conclusion temperatures, respectively. ΔH (J/g) indicates enthalpy. Mean values followed by the different letters within the column are significantly different (p < 0.05).

TABLE 6 Rheological properties of acid treated sweet potato starches (10% w/v) at 85°C

Samples	n	K (Pa s^n)	R^2
NSPS	0.46^a	157.94^a	0.97^a
CTSPS	0.20^b	30.74^b	0.92^b

FIGURE 1 A: Plot of shear rate (Pa) versus shear stress (s⁻¹); B: Plot of shear rate (Pa) versus viscosity (Pa.S) for a 10% NSPS and CTSPS dispersion heated at 85°C. Mean values followed by different letters within the column are significantly different (p < 0.05).

FIGURE 2 X-ray diffractogram of A: NSPS; B: CTSPS.

FIGURE 3 Scanning electron micrograph of A: NSPS; B: CTSPS.