A study in integrity of an RFID-monitoring HMSC

Figures & data

Figure 1. Architecture of the proposed RFID-based monitoring HMSC network.

Table 1. Growing history of a livestock in farms.

Info category		Info details
Category	Beef
Feeding methods	Halal
Types of diseases/symptoms	Bovine ephemeral fever
Treatment duration	4 days
Treatment results	Healed
Growing history/Kg	10 Kg/8 mth
Enzyme history	None
Last update of info	February 11, 2015

Figure 2. The transportation monitoring system.

Figure 3. Data flow of the transportation monitoring process.

Table 2. Information of a packed meat product at abattoirs to be sold at retailers or supermarkets.

Info category	Info details
Meat type	Beef
Origin of meat	Scotland
Slaughtering date	August 12, 2014
Slaughterer name	Omar
Arrival date to the shop	August 13, 2014

Table 3. The corresponding operations or actions of a HMSC monitoring process shown in Fig. 2.

Description	Operations
Farms	Fx
Each livestock is attached with an RFID tag.	F1
A water sensor is installed at each water basin to detect water contamination; the water sensor sends an alert to the management system if water is contaminated at the water basin.	F2
Identify and separate the livestock watered by the contaminated water basin.	F3
	LHx
Record any disease of a livestock by entering medical information data into the computer management system.	LH1
Identify and separate the infected livestock.	LH2
Update the management system by entering types of diseases and results of treatments of the infected livestock.	LH3
Abattoirs	Ax
Receive inventory data of RFID-tagged livestock through an RFID-reader mounted gate at an abattoir.	A1
Monitor the Halal slaughtering process by operators through cameras to ensure that each livestock is slaughtered with absence of other livestock at a slaughtering station.	A2
Knife must be invisible to each slaughtered livestock.	A3
Each slaughtered livestock’s head is held at a certain position for 25 seconds to allow draining of contaminated blood.	A4
Separate and mark each slaughtered livestock as non-Halal if the slaughtering process does not follow steps A2-4.	A5
Attach each slaughtered livestock with an RFID sensor tag for monitoring meat quality during transportation; collect its information data by an RFID handheld reader.	A6
Transportation	Tx
Monitor container temperatures and products’ pH values by a temperature sensor and RFID sensor tags, respectively, and send an alert to notify drivers if any of these values reach above the upper limit.	T1
Transmit data collected from GPS and RFID readers to the abattoir management system via a GPRS system.	T2
Identify, separate and return any stale meat to the abattoir.	T3
Retailers	Rx
Operators unload arrived meats into stores of a retailer, scan RFID tags by a handheld RFID reader for acquisition of inventory data.	R1
Segment and repack meats in small packages tagged with barcode labels ready for sales.	R2
Consumers can check information of Halal meat integrity by scanning product barcodes using a mobile scanner or entering barcodes online.	R3
Retailers return non-Halal meat products to abattoirs.	R3a

Figure 4. The Halal monitoring process of a HMSC.

Table 4. Collected data from the HMC.

Case A/London—South West
= 5	= 4K-7.5K	= 50-100	= 23- 410
= 6	= 700-1.2K	= 0.85-0.98	= 110 -174
= 11	= 1.2K-2.5K	= 0.85-100	= 100
= 4K-8K	= 1K-1.8K	= 30-100
= 400-800	= 300-1.5K	= 15-100
Case B / London – South East
= 5	= 4–7.5 K	= 100–200	= 23–400
= 6	= 700–1.2 K	= 0.90–0.98	= 110–162
= 3	= 1.2–2.5 K	= 0.85–100	= 100
= 4–8 K	= 1–1.8 K	= 60
= 400–800	= 600–1.5 K	= 40

Table 5. Computational results for cases A and B, respectively.

Solution number	Weights of objectives (Z1, Z2, Z3)	Min Z1 (GBP)	Max Z2 (items)	Max Z3 (GBP)	Farms open	Abattoirs open	Iterations number
			Case A
1	1,0,0	279922	137952	559000	1, 3, 4, 5	1, 3, 4, 5, 6	2543
2	0.9,0.05,0.05	279922	137952	559000	1, 3, 4, 5	1, 3, 4, 5, 6	2611
3	0.8,0.1,0.1	279922	137952	559000	1, 3, 5	1, 3, 4, 5, 6	2344
4	0.7,0.15,0.15	305260	296576	559000	1, 3, 4, 5	1, 2, 3, 5, 6	6911
5	0.6,0.2,0.2	308076	307475	559000	2, 3, 4, 5	2, 3, 5, 6	1712
6	0.5,0.25,0.25	494596	309232	679960	2, 3, 4, 5	2, 3, 5, 6	136
7	0.4,0.3,0.3	459858	311230	690260	1, 2, 4, 5	1, 2, 3, 4, 5	130
			Case B
1	1,0,0	90480	93151	210000	1, 5	4, 6	819
2	0.9,0.05,0.05	90480	93151	210000	1, 5	4, 6	2459
3	0.8,0.1,0.1	103290	212015	210000	1, 5	5, 6	28223
4	0.7,0.15,0.15	121770	253107	306000	1, 5	5, 6	616
5	0.6,0.2,0.2	127352	109776	272280	1, 4, 5	4, 5	2415
6	0.5,0.25,0.25	128253	4506	252000	1, 4	1	2070
7	0.4,0.3,0.3	383029	74206	436500	1, 2, 3, 5	1, 2, 5, 6	5865

Figure 5. A pairwise comparison among the three objectives for case A.

Figure 6. Architecture of the proposed RFID-based monitoring HMSC network.