Characterization and bioactivities of polysaccharide from spent Hovenia dulcis peduncles by alkali pretreatment

Figures & data

Figure 1. Extraction and characterizations of SHDPs produced by H. dulcis. (A) The HPLC spectrum of SHDPs; (B) UV spectra of SHDPs; (C) DEAE-cellulose chromatography of polysaccharide from spent H. dulcis.

Figure 2. GC chromatograms. (A) SHDPs; (B) monosaccharides reference; (C) fraction of partial acid hydrolysis. Peak: (1) L-rhamnose, (2) D-fucose, (3) L-arabinose, (4) D-xylose, (5) D-mannose, (6) D-glucose, and (7) D-galactose.

Figure 3. FTIR spectra. (A) SHDPs; (B) methylated SHDPs.

Table 1. Methylation analysis of SHDPs.

Methylated sugars	Molar ratios	Type of Linkage	Major mass fragments (m/z)
2,3,4-Me3-Glcp	13.569	6)-Clcp-(1→	45,59,71,99,101,129,173,189
2,4-Me2-Manp	2.750	3,6)-Manp-(1→	45,87,101,129,189
2,4-Me2-Rhap	2.087	3)-Rhap-(1→	45,85,103,117,128,157,189
2,4-Me2-Galp	5.957	3,6)-Galp-(1→	43,87,101,126,161,189
2,3,5-Me3-Araf	6.084	Araf-(1→	43,71, 87, 101,129,161
2,3-Me2-Xylp	2.297	4)-Xylp-(1→	43,70,101,129,161
2,3,4-Me3-Xylp	2.853	Xylp-(1→	45,59,88,133,174
2,4-Me2-Fucp	0.748	3)-Fucp-(1→	45,87,101,117,189

Figure 4. NMR spectra of SHDPs. (A) ¹H NMR spectrum of SHDPs; (B) ¹³C NMR spectrum of SHDPs.

Figure 5. Antioxidant activities of SHDPs in vitro. (A) DPPH radical scavenging activity; (B) ABTS radical scavenging activity; (C) Fe²⁺ chelating ability; (D) superoxide radical scavenging activity. Values are means±SD, n = 3. (E) ADH activity. a: p ﹤ 0.05; b: p ﹤ 0.01 versus positive control.

Figure 6. Effect of SHDPs on ADH activity. a: p ﹤ 0.05; b: p ﹤ 0.01 versus blank control.

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