Thermal conductivity of ice prepared under different conditions

Figures & data

Table 1. Thermal conductivity k of ice as a function of temperature from literature reports.^[3–7].

−-5 °C	−10 °C	−20 °C	−30 °C	−40 °C	Ref.	Ec. k =
2.077	2.125	2.161	2.196	2.232	Van Duser, 1929 ^[Citation3]*	2.09(1–0.0017 T(°C))
2.140	2.190	2.297	2.414	2.543	Ratcliffe, 1962 ^[Citation4]**	2135 T(K)^−Citation1.235
2.253	2.292	2.385	2.198	2.632	Choi & Okos, 1956 ^[Citation1]**	2.2199–6.248 10^–Citation3 T + 1.0154 10^–Citation4 T^Citation2
2.248	2.316	2.453	2.590	2.726	Alexiades & Solomon,1993 ^[Citation5]*	2.18–0.01365 T(K)**
2.156	2.223	2.358	2.493	2.627	Lunardini, 1981 ^[Citation6]*	2.09–0.01349 T (°C)**
2.123	2.196	2.341	2.486	2.632	Waite et al. 2006 ^[Citation7]*	2.05–0.01455 T (°C)**

*Data obtained for the corresponding published equation.

**Equation obtained from published data fitted as a linear behaviour.

Figure 1. a) Temperature vs. time, b) ΔT vs. ln(t) and c) T vs. ln(t/(t-t_h)) data obtained at −10 °C with t_h = 1 min.

Table 2. Thermal conductivity, k, from the NLLSA and the LLSA of Eqs. 1 and 2 at different heating times, t_h.

	k	k	k	k
Heating time (min)	(NLLSA Eq. 1)	(LLSA Eq. 1)	(NLLSA Eq. 2)	(LLSA Eq. 2)
1	1.81 ± 0.03	2.009 ± 0.04	1.80 ± 0.02	1.777 ± 0.005
2	2.06 ± 0.01	2.113 ± 0.002	1.903 ± 0.03	2.0281 ± 0.006
5	2.13 ± 0.02	2.271 ± 0.02	2.20 ± 0.02	2.155 ± 0.004
10	2.39 ± 0.03	2.372 ± 0.02	2.31 ± 0.02	2.024 ± 0.0007

Table 3. Thermal conductivity, k, of solid water (ice) at temperatures ranging from −40 to −5 ºC obtained by using different heating time.

Heating rate	k	k-error
−5 ºC
1	1.932	0.0096
2	2.076	0.107
5	2.25	0.0077
10	2.197	0.0044
5	2.198	0.0051
2	2.077	0.0051
−10 ºC
1	1.962	0.0046
2	2.077	0.0036
5	2.222	0.0037
10	2.217	0.0027
5	2.219	0.0031
2	2.091	0.0043
1	1.973	0.0043
−30 ºC
1	1.514	0.12
2	2.278	0.0089
5	2.606	0.0079
10	2.578	0.0073
5	2.537	0.0096
2	2.291	0.0089
1	2.038	0.0573
−40 ºC
1	1.919	0.013
2	2.412	0.0688
5	2.754	0.0388
10	2.591	0.0388
5	2.663	0.359
2	2.469	0.219
1	2.342	0.0573

Figure 2. Temperature vs. time data obtained at −40 °C with t_h = 2 min.

Figure 3. Experimental thermal conductivities of ice reported in the literature and obtained for the different freezing processes in this study.

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