Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of seed essential oil of Ferulago angulata

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical compositions of the essential oil from Ferulago angulata seed.

No	Component	RT^a	RI^b	Percentage
1	Hexane	1.45	603.23	1.19
	Monoterpene hydrocarbons			77.04
2	α-Thujene	3.96	929.20	0.58
3	α-Pinene	4.20	941.35	15.50
4	Camphene	4.37	949.92	0.56
5	Verbenene	4.47	955.67	0.22
6	Sabinene	4.84	974.17	7.49
7	β-Pinene	4.92	978.25	1.18
8	Myrcene	5.12	988.36	1.96
9	α-Phellandrene	5.51	1006.09	4.95
10	∆-3-Carene	5.65	1011.39	1.02
11	α-Terpinene	5.78	1016.31	1.12
12	p-Cymene	6.10	1028.46	7.67
13	β-Phellandrene	6.18	1031.53	5.50
14	Limonene	6.20	1032.34	2.76
15	(Z)-β-Ocimene	6.31	1036.26	19.93
16	(E)-β-Ocimene	6.56	1045.80	0.89
17	γ-Terpinene	6.84	1056.43	3.33
18	α-Terpinolene	7.51	1081.68	2.38
	Oxygenated monoterpenes Alcohols			10.86
19	Linalool	7.98	1099.51	1.12
20	Terpin-4-ol	10.23	1172.70	4.34
21	α-Terpineol	10.65	1186.25	1.18
22	Citronellol Esters	11.88	1225.13	1.17
23	Borneol acetate	13.69	1281.51	2.10
	Phenols
24	Thymol	13.89	1287.81	0.11
25	Carvacrol	14.19	1297.04	0.40
	Phenylpropanoid
26	Methyl eugenol	17.43	1401.52	0.44
	Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons			1.05
27	α-Cubebene	16.41	1368.83	0.04
28	β-Elemene	16.94	1385.82	0.07
29	Germacrene B	21.81	1548.05	0.12
30	β-Caryophyllene	17.76	1412.24	0.27
31	γ-Elemene	18.20	1426.68	0.04
32	Germacrene D	19.63	1474.23	0.11
33	β-Selinene	19.77	1478.79	0.10
34	Bicyclogermacrene	20.08	1489.18	0.22
35	∆-Cadinene	20.92	1516.73	0.08
	Oxygenated sesquiterpenes			0.71
36	Elemol	21.69	1542.40	0.24
37	Spathulenol	22.45	1569.77	0.39
38	Caryophyllene oxide	22.60	1574.86	0.08
	Others			0.22
39	cis-Jasmone	17.19	1393.77	0.22
	Total			91.07

^aRetention time (min).

^bRetention indices (RI) relative to C₅–C₂₄ n-alkanes on HP-5 MS capillary column.

Table 2. Antifungal activity of the essential oil from seeds of Ferulago angulata by different methods.

		Per cent of growth inhibition
		Methods
		Agar dilution		Disc diffusion
		Day		Day
Fungi	Concentration (µL L^−1)	3rd	6th	3rd	6th
Alternaria alternate	100	51.90 ± 2.72	39.40 ± 1.43	63.50 ± 3.80	51.50 ± 4.38
	200	57.80 ± 8.46	37.10 ± 4.13	72.20 ± 1.57	59.20 ± 2.46
	400	59.10 ± 7.68	35.40 ± 3.07	72.30 ± 2.75	66.95 ± 1.06
	800	75.50 ± 4.05	55.80 ± 4.74	90.50 ± 1.92	75.83 ± 1.90
Macrophomina phaseolina	100	41.93 ± 5.03	30.64 ± 6.65	75.21 ± 3.36	67.22 ± 1.43
	200	49.31 ± 5.85	39.17 ± 4.38	75.69 ± 4.31	70.83 ± 4.66
	400	73.04 ± 4.99	47.42 ± 5.63	88.26 ± 1.47	72.78 ± 4.67
	800	76.94 ± 4.75	63.33 ± 3.51	88.68 ± 2.98	75.28 ± 2.47
Culvularia fallax	100	54.17 ± 8.25	39.44 ± 3.79	74.65 ± 2.33	66.11 ± 2.31
	200	57.18 ± 5.61	22.73 ± 5.10	77.64 ± 1.82	71.39 ± 1.06
	400	74.44 ± 7.53	46.29 ± 3.98	87.15 ± 2.30	72.22 ± 5.52
	800	75.83 ± 4.29	63.05 ± 2.46	88.75 ± 2.66	76.39 ± 1.40
Cytospora sacchari	100	31.50 ± 3.39	23.90 ± 4.15	79.40 ± 3.52	64.70 ± 4.29
	200	62.90 ± 3.46	51.20 ± 5.66	89.90 ± 1.04	73.30 ± 3.27
	400	88.60 ± 2.60	61.20 ± 0.93	100.0 ± 0.00	81.40 ± 2.46
	800	100.0 ± 0.00	72.50 ± 1.89	100.0 ± 0.00	85.00 ± 3.80
Fusarium oxysporum	100	64.40 ± 4.05	61.80 ± 4.60	100.0 ± 0.00	100.0 ± 0.00
	200	100.0 ± 0.00	100.0 ± 0.00	100.0 ± 0.00	100.0 ± 0.00
	400	100.0 ± 0.00	100.0 ± 0.00	100.0 ± 0.00	100.0 ± 0.00
	800	100.0 ± 0.00	100.0 ± 0.00	100.0 ± 0.00	100.0 ± 0.00
Colletotrichum tricbellum	100	35.40 ± 2.41	17.60 ± 2.50	37.08 ± 4.99	23.60 ± 2.10
	200	35.40 ± 3.16	22.90 ± 1.38	46.04 ± 5.91	33.90 ± 3.21
	400	44.80 ± 2.17	31.11 ± 3.95	54.03 ± 4.03	42.30 ± 4.73
	800	58.80 ± 3.10	47.80 ± 2.40	64.60 ± 3.36	52.50 ± 1.67

^a Data are mean ± SD.

Figure 1. Effect of antifungal activity methods on per cent of growth inhibition different fungi after 3 days at the highest concentration (800 µL L⁻¹).

Figure 2. Effect of antifungal activity methods on per cent of growth inhibition different fungi after 6 days at the highest concentration (800 µL L⁻¹).

Table 3. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericide concentration (MBC) (µL mL⁻¹) of Ferulago angulata seed oil against microorganisms.

Bacteria	MIC (µL mL^−1)	MBC (µL mL^−1)
Gram-negative
Erwinia amylovora	12.5	20
Xanthomonas oryzae	12	22.5
Pseudomonas syringae	17.5	26
Ralstonia solanacearum	20	30<
Pectobacterium carotovorum	20	30<
Gram-positive
Bacillus thuringiensis	8	15

Figure 3. Antibacterial activity estimated by diameter of inhibition of F. angulata seed oil.