Gastroprotective effects of herbal medicines (roots)

Figures & data

Table 1. Selected medicinal plans that shown to have gastroprotective or antiulcer effects.

Botanical name	Family	Part used in peptic ulcer	Remark
Aegle marmelos	Rutaceae	50% Ethanolic extract of root	Gastroprotective and antiulcer properties related to antioxidant mechanism.^[Citation131]
Aerva persica	Amaranthaceae	Ethanolic extract	Pretreatment with the ethanolic extract reduces ethanol- and pylorus ligation-induced hemorrhagic necrosis in rats.^[Citation29]
Alhagi camelorum	Fabaceae	Aqueous extract	Protection of the rats gastric ulcer against water immersion restraint-stress and ethanol-induced ulcers in a dose-dependent manner.^[Citation31]
Althaea officinalis	Malvaceae	Aqueous extract	Stimulation and soothing of the mucosal membranes.^[Citation35,Citation38]
Anchusa strigosa	Boraginaceae	Aqueous extracts	Protection and treatment of ethanol induced ulcers in rats and guinea pigs.^[Citation38,Citation39]
Angelica archangelica	Apiacea	Hydroalcoholic or lyophilized extracts	Reduction of acid output, increasing the mucus secretion.^[Citation42]
Aralia elata	Araliaceae	Araloside A (70% methanolic extract)	Exhibition the reduction of HCl, ethanol-induced gastric lesions, and aspirin-induced gastric ulcers.^[Citation46]
Arctium lappa	Asteraceae	Chloroform and ethanol extract	Lowering gastric acid secretion via gastric H^+, K^+ -ATPase, renewing of the damaged gastric mucosa.^[Citation47,Citation48]
Asparagus racemosus	Liliaceae	Fresh juice	Increasing the mucosal protective factors such as mucus secretion, cell life span, cellular mucus.^[Citation50,Citation52]
Asparagus pubescens	Liliaceae	Methanolic extract	Stimulation of α2 adrenoceptor.^[Citation54]
Bupleurum falcatum	Apiaceae	Water-soluble crude polysaccharides	Prevention of the ulcerogenesis induced by HCl/ethanol.^[Citation56,Citation57]
Carlina acanthifolia	Asteraceae	Essential oil	Noticeable protective effect in the ethanol-induced stress gastric ulcer test in rats.^[Citation60]
Cassia Sieberiana	Caesalpiniaceae	Water-soluble crude	Possession of significant gastric cytoprotective prostaglandin properties.^[Citation62]
Cichorium intybus	Compositae	Water-soluble crude	Antisecretory activity and stimulation of a protective barrier of the mucosa of the gastric tract.^[Citation65]
Combretum dolichopetalum	Combretaceae	Ethanolic extract	Antiulcer activity via antihistamine and anticholinergic actions.^[Citation69]
Curcuma amada	Zingiberaceae	Phenolic compound	Embarrassment of H^+, K^+-ATPase, inhibition of H. pylori growth, exhibiting antioxidant potential.^[Citation72,Citation73]
Curcuma longa	Zingiberaceae	Ethylacetate extract and curcumin	Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by means of blocking H2 histamine receptors.^[Citation74]
Ficus religiosa	Moraceae	Ethanolic extract	Anti-secretary and cytoprotective properties.^[Citation76]
Gentiana lutea	Gentianaceae	Methanolic extract (secoiridoid glycosides)	Enhancement of the mucosal defensive factors via the prostaglandin pathway in the cell membrane.^[Citation80]
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Leguminosae	Glycyrrhetinic acid, flavonoids and polysaccharides	Anti-H. pylori action.^[Citation81,Citation83,Citation84]
Guiera Senegalensis	Combretaceae	Aqueous extract	Stimulation of PG synthesis, increasing the gastric mucus or leukotriene antagonism.^[Citation132]
Hippocratea excelsa	Hipocrateaceae	Aqueous and ethanol extracts	Reduction of the Ulcer Index of the lesions induced by several ulcerogenic substances.^[Citation88]
Mikania cordata	Asteraceae	Methanolic extract (Alkaloids)	Activation of cyclooxygenase Enzyme, subsequent stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis and increasing bicarbonate level.^[Citation93]
Moringa oleifera	Moringaceae	Ethanolic extract	Antisecretory, anti-H. pylori, activation of mucous membrane protective factor and cytoprotective effects.^[Citation96]
Mukia maderaspatana	Cucurbitaceae	Ethanolic extract	Exhibition potent antiulcer effect by increasing hexoamine and carbohydrate protein ratio and decreasing pepsin content.^[Citation98]
Panax ginseng	Araliaceae	Aqueous extract	Gastroprotective effect via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.^[Citation99]
Plumbago auriculata	Plumbaginaceae	Ethanol extract	Gastroprotective effect via antioxidant activity, anti-H. pylori.^[Citation103,Citation104]
Polygonum bistorta	Polygonaceae	Hydroalcoholic extract	Inhibition of IL-8 secretion.^[Citation105]
Pongamia pinnata	Fabaceae	Methanol extract	Protection via mucosal offensive and defensive factor.^[Citation108,Citation109]
Rumex patientia	Polygonaceae	Aqueous extract	Gastroprotective effects via antioxidant properties. ^[Citation110]
Sophora flavescens	Fabaceae	Methanol extract (vexibinol, Trifolirhizin)	Protection of gastric mucosal layer, Inhibition of gastric acid secretion, anti H. pylori. ^[Citation113,Citation133]
Withania somnifera	Solanaceae	Withanolides	Inhibition of H. pylori-induced production of IL-1β in dendritic cells. ^[Citation115]
Zingiber officinale	Zingiberacae	Beta-sesquiphellandrene, beta-bisabolene, ar-curcumene, 6-shogaol, gingerol, 6-gingesulphonic acid	Thromboxane synthetase property, embarrassment of gastric H^+, K^+-ATPase, and H. pylori growth via phenolic antioxidants. ^[Citation52,Citation119]
Zizyphus lotus	Rhamnaceae	Aqueous extract (saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids)	Reduction of gastric juice secretion, antiacid, demulcent effects, and inhibition of H. pylori growth.^[Citation121,Citation122]

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