Chemometric identification of a few heavy metals, pesticides and plasticides in edible sunflower oil for health risk assessment

Figures & data

Table 1. EDC compounds detected using GC/MS for sunflower oil.

S.No	IUPAC Name	Common Name & Formula	Molecular Weight	Elution Time
1	3-Phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2- di methyl cyclo propane carboxylate	Permethrin C21H20Cl2O3	390	23.87
2	N, N-Dimethyl decanamide	No Common name C12H25NO	199	33.03
3	Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate	Di octyl Pthlate DOP C24H38O4	390	37.05
4	o-Benzene dicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester	Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) C16H22O4	278	37.12
5	4,4ʹ-((p-Phenylene)di isopropylidene)diphenol	Bisphenol P C24H26O2	346	39.43

Figure 1. Chromatogram of Sunflower oil showing various residues.

Table 2. Heavy metals detected from sunflower oil Using AAS.

S.no	Heavy Metal	Symbol	Detected (ppm)
1	Mercury	Hg	80
2	Cadmium	Cd	0.48
3	Arsenic	As	0.97
4	Lead	Pb	Below Detectable Limit

Figure 2. Graph showing various EDC compounds in sunflower oil.

Table 3. EDC contamination in sunflower oil.

Samples	Permethrin	NN	DIOP	Pthlates	Bisphenol	Hg	Cd	Ar	Pb
MAL (ppm)	1	5000	1.5	1.5	3	1	15	0.12	0.5
B1	1.36 ± 0.03	0.49 ± 0.01	45 ± 2	33 ± 1	11.3 ± 0.2	81.4 ± 1	0.48 ± 0.01	BDL	0
B2	1.26 ± 0.03	BDL	BDL	12 ± 0.01	5.6 ± 0.3	76.3 ± 1	0.23 ± 0.1	0.97 ± 0.01	BDL
B3	BDL	BDL	BDL	13 ± 0.02	4.0 ± 0.3	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL
B4	1.01 ± 0.03	BDL	BDL	1.3 ± 0.01	1.2 ± 0.2	82.2 ± 1	0.54 ± 0.1	BDL	BDL
B5	BDL	BDL	BDL	0.92 ± 0.01	0.9 ± 0.1	BDL	BDL	0.24±	BDL
B6	BDL	BDL	0.3 ± 0.1	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL
B7	0.08 ± 0.04	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	0.52 ± 0.01	BDL	BDL
B8	BDL	BDL	1.1 ± 0.2	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL
B9	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL
B10	BDL	BDL	BDL	1.7 ± 0.01	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL
B11	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL

MAL- Maximum Allowable Limit BDL – Below Detectable Limit

Table 4. Projected Consumption of EDC compounds in Sunflower oil.

		39 gms consumption per day
Compound	Presence mg/kg	one month	four month	Nine months	One year
Permethrin	1.36	1.59	6.36	14.32	19.09
NN dimethyl decanamide	0.49	0.57	2.29	5.16	6.88
DIOP	45	52.65	210.60	473.85	631.80
Pthlates	33	38.61	154.44	347.49	463.32
Bisphenol P	11.3	13.22	52.88	118.99	158.65
Mercury	81.4	95.24	380.95	857.14	1142.8
Cadmium	0.48	0.56	2.25	5.05	6.74
Arsenic	0.97	1.13	4.54	10.21	13.62
Lead	0	0	0	0	0

Table 5. Health Risk assessment on Sunflower oil with EDC compounds.

Residues	Permethrin	NN	DIOP	Phthalates	Bisphenol	Hg	Cd	Ar	Pb
Contamination rate %	36	9	27	54	45	27	36	18	0
Projected Consumption for One month (39 gms of oil)/day	1.59	0.57	52.65	38.61	13.22	95.24	0.56	1.13	0
Health Risk Index for One Month	0.053	0.00003	1.17	0.86	0.15	3.17	0.001	0.32	0
Health Risk	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No