Insecticidal and repellent activity of essential oil from Amomum villosum Lour. and its main compounds against two stored-product insects

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical component of Amomum villosum essential oil.

Compound Name	RI*	Molecular Formula	Area %
α-Pinene	936	C10H16	3.0
Camphene	954	C10H16	8.9
Sabinene	974	C10H16	1.8
Cyclohexene	991	C10H16	1.9
α-Phellandrene	1005	C10H16	0.3
Limonene	1026	C10H16	6.2
γ-Terpinene	1059	C10H16	0.2
Isoterpinolene	1085	C10H16	0.3
1,3,8-p-Menthatriene	1110	C10H14	0.1
Camphor	1145	C10H16O	19.8
Linderol	1161	C10H18O	4.1
α-Terpineol	1191	C10H18O	0.2
Bornyl formate	1233	C11H18O2	0.1
Bornyl acetate	1285	C12H20O2	51.6
Linalool propionate	1464	C13H22O2	0.1
Germacrene D	1480	C15H24	0.1
Dihydro-cis-α-copaene-8-ol	1608	C15H26O	0.1
Total			98.8

*Retention index (RI) relative to the homologous series of (C₅–C₃₆) on the HP-5MS capillary column.

Table 2. Contact toxicity of Amomum villosum essential oil and its constituents against Tribolium castaneum (TC) and Lasioderma serricorne (LS) adults.

Insects	Samples	LD50 (µg/adult)	95% FL (µg/adult)	Slope ± SE	Chi Square(χ^2)	p-Value
TC	Essential oil	32.4	28.6–36.8	4.7 ± 0.6	8.7	0.796
	Camphor**	> 50.0 (mortality 24% ± 5)	–	–	–	–
	Camphene	21.6	18.1–25.1	2.7 ± 0.4	17.2	0.799
	Limonene*	15.0	12.9–17.0	3.3 ± 0.4	20.0	0.652
	Bornyl acetate	66.0	60.2–72.4	6.3 ± 0.8	13.5	0.759
	Pyrethrins*	0.3	0.2–0.3	3.3 ± 0.3	13.1	0.950
LS	Essential oil	20.4	18.2–22.9	3.7 ± 0.4	18.1	0.751
	Camphor**	13.4	10.4–16.1	1.5 ± 0.3	15.4	–
	Camphene	19.9	15.4–23.9	2.1 ± 0.4	17.3	0.793
	Limonene*	13.7	11.6–16.2	3.2 ± 0.5	11.0	0.983
	Bornyl acetate	15.6	13.7–17.7	3.8 ± 0.5	14.1	0.721
	Pyrethrins*	0.2	0.2–0.4	3.0 ± 0.4	17.4	0.884

* data from Wang et al.^[33], ** data from Guo et al.^[34]

Table 3. Fumigant toxicity of Amomum villosum essential oil and its major constituents against Tribolium castaneum adults.

Samples	LC50 (mg/L air)	95% FL (mg/L air)	Slope ± SE	Chi square (χ^2)	p-Value
Essential oil	28.3	26.8–29.8	13.2 ± 1.9	5.4	0.965
Camphor*	< 2.3 (mortality 87% ± 5)	–	–	–	–
Camphene	6.2	5.3–7.0	3.5 ± 0.5	14.0	0.730
Limonene**	6.2	5.4–7.1	3.1 ± 0.4	13.3	0.945
Bornyl acetate	> 126.3	–	–	–	–
MeBr***	1.8	–	–	–	–

* data from Guo et al.^[34], ** data from Wang et al.^[33], *** data from Liu et al.^[9]

Figure 1. Percentage repellency (PR) of A. villosum essential oil and its constituents against T. castaneum at 2 h (a) and 4 h (b) after exposure. Means in the same column followed by the same letters do not differ significantly (P > 0.05) in ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. PR was subjected to an arcsine square-root transformation before ANOVA and Tukey’s tests.

Figure 2. Percentage repellency (PR) of A. villosum essential oil and its constituents against L. serricorne at 2 h (a) and 4 h (b) after exposure. Means in the same column followed by the same letters do not differ significantly (P > 0.05) in ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. PR was subjected to an arcsine square-root transformation before ANOVA and Tukey’s tests.

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