Phytochemical and bioactive compounds identification of Ocimum tenuiflorum leaves of methanol extract and its fraction with an anti-diabetic potential

Figures & data

Table 1. Phytochemical screening of HE, CF, EA, ME, and AQ of Ocimum tenuiflorum leaves.

No.	Test	HE	CF	EA	ME	AQ
1	Reducing sugar	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)
2	Tannin	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)
3	Steroid	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(-)
4	Terpenoid	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(-)
5	Flavonoid	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)
6	Soluble starch	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)
7	Saponin	(-)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)
8	Glycoside	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)

(+) = detected.

(-) = not detected.

Hexane (HE), chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (ME), aqueous (AQ) crude extracts.

Table 2. Phytochemical screening of CF, BU, EA, ETH, and AQ.

No	Test	CF	BU	EA	ETH	AQ
1	Reducing sugar	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(-)
2	Tannin	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)
3	Steroid	(+)	(-)	(+)	(-)	(-)
4	Terpenoid	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(-)
5	Flavonoid	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)
6	Soluble starch	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)	(-)
7	Saponin	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)
8	Glycoside	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)

(+) = detected.

(-) = not detected.

Chloroform (CF), butanol (BU), ethyl acetate (EA), ethanol (ETH), aqueous (AQ) fractions.

Table 3. Phytochemical components identified in methanol crude extract (ME).

Sample	Retention Time (min)	Identified Compounds
	29.4	3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (phenolic)
	31.6	Kaempferol, luteolin (flavonoid)
ME	32.0	Caffeic acid (phenolic)
	34.6	Peinidin (anthocyanidins), diosmetin (flavone glycoside), kaempferide (flavonol), chrysoeriol (flavon)
	36.4	Nevadensin (flavones, glycosides), pedunculin, xanthomicrol (flavonoid)
	37.2	3.4.5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid
	45.0	Di-n-butyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate
	54.7	Di (ethylhexyl) phthalate
	57.3	Glycolipid

Table 4. Phytochemical components identified in butanol (BU) and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions.

Sample	Retention Time (min)	Identified Compounds
BU	9.0	Adenosine (purine nucleoside)
	23.4	Kaempferol-3-glucuronide
	23.7	Luteolin, kaempferol, sosakuranetin (lavanone)
	25.6	Baicalin (lavonoids)
	29.4	3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid
	34.3	Apigenin, genistein (isoflavone)
	54.7	Permethrin
EA	24.7	Rosmarinic acid (phenolic)
	28.1	4.4′-Methylene-bis(2-methyl aniline)
	31.7	Kaempferol, luteolin, isosakuranetin (flavanone)
	34.1	Apigenin, genistein
	34.7	Peonidin-3-O-alpha-arabinopyranoside, peonidin-3-O-beta-d-arabinopyranoside, peonidin-3-O-beta-galactopyranoside
	36.6	Robinetin trimethyl ether, (flavonoids), nevadensin, xanthomicrol, pedunculin