Characteristic of microencapsulated 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol and its application in infant formula powder

Figures & data

Figure 1. Preparation technology of microencapsulated OPO.

Table 1. Experimental groups of mice.

Groups	Fat component in milk powder	Number of mice, n
SO	OPO	15
SMO	Microencapsulated OPO	15
Control	Soybean oil	15

Table 2. Fatty acid composition of OPO and human milk fat (%).

	OPO in this study					Fatty acid in human milk fat^a
Fatty acid	Total^b	Sn-2 position^c	Sn-1,3 position^d	% Sn-2 position^e	Total	Sn-2 position	Sn-1,3 position	% Sn-2 position
C12:0	10.06	ND	ND	ND	4.9	5.3	4.7	36.0
C14:0	3.57	4.25	3.23	39.0	6.6	11.2	4.3	57.0
C16:0	23.10	50. 05	9.62	72.0	21.8	44.8	10.3	68.0
C18:0	3.17	2.23	3.64	23.0	8.0	1.2	11.4	5.0
C18:1	42.53	18. 62	54.48	14.0	33.9	9.2	46.3	9.0
C18:2	19.22	15.68	20.99	27.0	13.2	7.1	16.3	18.0

DN: not detected.

^aData were from the report of Lien et al. (1997).

^bFatty acid content on total fatty acids.

^cFatty acid content on fatty acids at the Sn-2 position.

^dFatty acid content on fatty acids at the Sn-1,3 position (determined by $FattyacidatS{n}_{-}1,3position=\frac{3\times total-S{n}_{-}2position}{2}$).

^ePercentage of each fatty acid at the Sn-2 position in relation to the total content of fatty acid (determined by $RelativepercentageatS{n}_{-}2position=\frac{S{n}_{-}2position}{3\times total}$).

Table 3. Sensory evaluation of milk powder with different fats at 60°C for 30day storage (mean ± SD).

Sensory attributes	Group
	Control	SO	SMO
1 day of storage at 60°C
Overall impression	7.86 ± 1.10^a	7.93 ± 1.08^b	7.95 ± 1.12^b
Frankincense	7.71 ± 1.02^a	7.89 ± 0.99^b	7.93 ± 1.23^b
Fishy	2.67 ± 1.09^a	2.85 ± 0.97^b	2.88 ± 1.32^b
Colour	7.73 ± 1.34^a	7.86 ± 1.13^b	7.90 ± 1.04^b
Reconstituability	7.79 ± 0.90^a	7.94 ± 1.00^b	7.98 ± 1.11^b
10 days of storage at 60°C
Overall impression	7.28 ± 1.22^a	7.54 ± 1.10^b	7.90 ± 1.31^c
Frankincense	7.32 ± 0.91^a	7.60 ± 1.30^b	7.86 ± 1.01^c
Fishy	3.09 ± 0.83^a	2.96 ± 0.69^a	2.90 ± 0.98^b
Colour	7.14 ± 1.11^a	7.56 ± 1.07^b	7.76 ± 1.20^c
Reconstituability	7.04 ± 0.99^a	7.52 ± 0.91^b	7.86 ± 1.00^c
30 days of storage at 60°C
Overall impression	6.54 ± 0.89^a	7.00 ± 1.05^b	7.71 ± 1.10^c
Frankincense	6.22 ± 1.11^a	7.09 ± 1.02^b	7.77 ± 1.18^c
Fishy	3.69 ± 0.59^a	3.35 ± 0.78^b	3.01 ± 0.77^c
Colour	6.44 ± 1.11^a	6.96 ± 1.02^b	7.64 ± 1.23^c
Reconstituability	6.64 ± 0.97^a	6.93 ± 1.04^b	7.63 ± 11.3^c

a, b, c the same letter of the upper right corner in the row means significant difference (P < 0.05).

Table 4. Feed intake/body weight gain of mice (g/g).

Group	Weight/dietary intake
SO	0.27 ± 0.09^b
MSO	0.31 ± 0.16^b
Control	0.15 ± 0.12^a

a, b the same letter of the upper right corner in the row means significant difference (P < 0.05).

Figure 2. Dietary intake and weight gain.

Table 5. Fatty acid composition of blood serum lipids (%).

Fatty acids	Group
	Control	SO	SMO
C8:0	7.95 ± 1.78^a	11.12 ± 1.53^b	10.48 ± 1.65^b
C10:0	7.05 ± 0.37^a	6.44 ± 1.76^a	6.33 ± 2.32^a
C16:0	15.66 ± 2.53^a	21.59 ± 1.43^b	20.35 ± 1.51^b
C18:1	8.37 ± 1.91^a	9.89 ± 1.34^b	11.08 ± 0.99^c
C18:2	9.63 ± 1.38^a	10.75 ± 2.01^a	10.67 ± 0.47^a
C18:3	19.03 ± 0.98^a	21.01 ± 1.68^b	22.55 ± 2.12^b

a, b, c, the same letter of the upper right corner in the row means significant difference (P < 0.05).

Table 6. Fatty acid composition of faecal fats (%).

	Group
Fatty acids	Control	SO	SMO
C8:0	0.98 ± 0.23^b	1.27 ± 0.31^b	0.93 ± 0.32^b
C10:0	0.18 ± 0.22^a	0.08 ± 0.51^b	0.06 ± 0.21^b
C12:0	0.28 ± 0.15^b	0.17 ± 0.01^c	0.21 ± 0.19^a
C16:0	0.14 ± 0.12^a	0.07 ± 0.07^b	0.08 ± 0.01^b
C18:0	0.11 ± 0.12^b	0.48 ± 0.01^a	0.39 ± 0.06^c
C18:1	19.27 ± 1.12^a	1.26 ± 1.57^b	1.51 ± 0.31^b
C18:2	21.54 ± 2.74^b	28.59 ± 1.31^c	31.56 ± 3.16^a
C18:3	21.82 ± 2.22^a	24.53 ± 1.56^b	24.88 ± 2.65^b

a, b, c the same letter of the upper right corner in the row means significant difference (P < 0.05).

Table 7. The content of the calcium and magnesium in the mice faeces (%).

Mineral in faeces	Group
	Control	SO	SMO
Calcium (%)	2.48 ± 0.11^a	2.03 ± 0.07^b	1.96 ± 0.32^b
Magnesium (%)	0.33 ± 0.13^a	0.27 ± 0.01^a	0.30 ± 0.10^a

a, b the same letter of the upper right corner in the row means significant difference (P < 0.05).

Table 8. Fatty acid composition of the intestinal absorption test (%).

Fatty acids	Group
	Control	SO	SMO
C8:0	6.13 ± 0.32^a	11.51 ± 1.28^b	13.89 ± 1.49^c
C10:0	4.45 ± 1.15^a	5.16 ± 1.89^b	5.57 ± 0.09^c
C16:0	14.21 ± 1.07^a	20.85 ± 0.43^b	19.84 ± 2.44^b
C18:1	11.90 ± 0.83^a	12.26 ± 1.67^b	12.57 ± 1.42^b
C18:2	11.52 ± 1.16^a	12.47 ± 0.72^b	13.38 ± 0.72^c
C18:3	11.26 ± 2.65^a	12.55 ± 1.85^b	12.44 ± 1.43^b

a, b, c the same letter of the upper right corner in the row means significant difference (P < 0.05).