Comparison of crystallized coconut sugar produced by traditional method and amorphous coconut sugar formed by two drying methods: vacuum drying and spray drying

Figures & data

Table 1. Properties of coconut sap.

Parameter	Value
pH	7.47 ± 0.04
aw	1.00 ± 0.006
Total soluble solid (°Brix)	20.73 ± 0.64
Color
L	72.61 ± 0.37
a	3.18 ± 0.03
b	17.80 ± 0.02
Glucose(%)	< 0.17
Fructose(%)	0.32 ± 0.03
Sucrose(%)	17.78 ± 0.06

Table 2. Moisture content of coconut sugar powder produced by traditional method and drying methods.

Treatments	Moisture content (%wb)
Traditional	1.97 ± 0.70
Vacuum dried, C : MD = 7 : 3	1.93 ± 0.16
Vacuum dried, C : MD = 6 : 4	3.40 ± 4.09
Spray dried, C : MD = 7 : 3	1.33 ± 0.07
Spray dried, C : MD = 6 : 4	3.44 ± 0.08

Figure 1. The increase of coconut sugar powder moisture content exposed to different relative humidities.

Table 3. Estimated GAB and BET parameters of coconut sugar powder produced by traditional method and drying methods.

BET model					GAB model
Ratio of samples	Xm (gg)	c	Rsq	MRD	Xm (gg)	c	k	Rsq	MRD
Traditional	0.003	11.90	0.60	31.47	0.034	1.00	1.00	0.95	128.78
VD 7 : 3	0.025	3.97	0.74	4.15	0.033	1.589	1.00	0.89	0.27
VD 6 : 4	0.048	2.59	0.94	1.93	0.060	2.781	0.83	0.95	2.14
SD 7 : 3	0.055	1.44	0.92	20.54	0.051	2.636	0.85	0.91	13.62
SD 6 : 4	0.056	5.16	0.91	1.42	0.069	2.145	1.00	0.98	1.18

Figure 2. The relationship between moisture content and water activity of coconut sugar powder produced by traditional method and drying methods. The insetshows a zoom picture of low a_w.

Figure 3. X-ray diffraction poster of coconut sugar powder particles produced by traditional method and drying methods.

Figure 4. Structural composition of coconut sugar powder produced by traditional method and drying methods.

Figure 5. Hygroscopic rate of coconut sugar powder produced by traditional method and drying methods.

Figure 6. L*, a*, and b* values of coconut sugar powder produced by traditional method and drying methods.

Figure 7. Coconut sugar powder produced by traditional method and drying methods.

Figure 8. Dissolving time of coconut sugar powder produced by traditional method and drying methods.

Figure 9. Powder recovery of coconut sugar powder produced by traditional method and drying methods.