Influence of UV and X-ray radiations on oxidative stability of soybean oil formulated with neroli oil as a natural antioxidant

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical composition of neroli oil.

No.	Compound	Classification	Retention index	Peak area (%)
1	Alpha-pinene	Monoterpene hydrocarbon	932	0.81
2	Sabinene	Monoterpene hydrocarbon	974	1.71
3	Beta-pinene	Monoterpene hydrocarbon	979	8.71
4	Beta-myrcene	Monoterpene hydrocarbon	990	2.46
5	Limonene	Monoterpene hydrocarbon	1029	15.39
6	Cis-ocimene	Monoterpene hydrocarbon	1036	1.16
7	Trans-beta-ocimene	Monoterpene hydrocarbon	1048	7.95
8	Trans-linalool oxide	Oxygenated monoterpene	1089	0.6
9	Linalool	Oxygenated monoterpene	1103	23.19
10	Alpha-terpineol	Oxygenated monoterpene	1194	1.22
11	Nerol	Oxygenated monoterpene	1229	0.51
12	linalool acetate	Oxygenated monoterpene	1263	4.64
13	Geranial	Oxygenated monoterpene	1274	0.12
14	Indole		1296	0.55
15	Methyl anthranilate		1344	0.35
16	Alpha-terpinyl acetate	Oxygenated monoterpene	1352	0.31
17	Neryl acetate	Oxygenated monoterpene	1365	3.20
18	Geranyl acetate	Oxygenated monoterpene	1384	5.75
19	Trans-caryophyllene	Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	1425	0.7
20	Trans beta – Farnesene	Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	1458	0.19
21	Germacrene-D	Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	1486	0.14
22	Bicyclogermacrene	Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	1502	0.28
23	Nerolidol-E	Oxygenated sesquiterpene	1565	8.91
24	Heptadecane		1699	0.22
25	Farnesol (2Z,6E)	Oxygenated sesquiterpene	1723	9.09
26	Farnesal (2Z,6E)	Oxygenated sesquiterpene	1746	0.22
27	Farnesyl acetate (2E, 6E)	Oxygenated sesquiterpene	1843	0.43
28	Palmitic acid		1961	0.19
29	Tricosane		2298	0.44
Monoterpene hydrocarbons				38.19
Oxygenated monoterpenes				39.54
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons				1.31
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes				18.65
Other compounds				1.75
Hydrocarbon compounds				40.71
Oxygenated compounds				58.73

Figure 1. (a) Peroxide values, anisidine values, and (c) Totox values of non-irradiated soybean oil samples during accelerated storage.

Figure 2. (a) Peroxide values, anisidine values, and (c) Totox values of UV irradiated soybean oil samples during accelerated storage.

Figure 3. (a) Peroxide values, anisidine values, and (c) Totox values of X-rayed soybean oil samples during accelerated storage.

Table 2. Induction period (IP), F_value, and relative antioxidant activity (RAA) of soybean oil samples during accelerated storage.

Sample	IP (day)^a	Fvalue^b	RAA^b	K232^a	K268^a
Non-irradiation
Control	5.75 ± 0.44^c	1.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^b	13.91 ± 1.60^d	1.80 ± 0.28^a
Neroli oil	6.98 ± 0.11^b	1.22 ± 0.02^b	2.13 ± 0.18^b	15.23 ± 0.04^d	1.61 ± 0.15^a
BHT	8.53 ± 1.00^a	1.49 ± 0.18^a	48.35 ± 17.48^a	15.21 ± 0.54^cd	1.48 ± 0.03^a
β-Carotene	4.31 ± 0.35^d	0.75 ± 0.05^c	−15.74 ± 19.30^b	17.39 ± 0.40^c	1.82 ± 0.02^a
UV radiation
Control	2.80 ± 0.21^ef	1.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^b	13.08 ± 0.01^d	1.07 ± 0.68^a
Neroli oil	3.53 ± 0.57^de	1.27 ± 0.21^b	2.61 ± 2.05^b	14.37 ± 1.33^d	2.37 ± 0.64^a
BHT	4.30 ± 0.39^d	1.54 ± 0.14^a	53.67 ± 13.92^a	14.67 ± 1.00^cd	1.89 ± 0.14^a
β-Carotene	2.54 ± 0.08^f	0.91 ± 0.03^c	−9.13 ± 3.03^b	16.95 ± 2.02^c	1.92 ± 0.20^a
X-ray radiation
Control	0.96 ± 0.42^g	1.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00	20.91 ± 2.69^b	6.27 ± 0.38^a
Neroli oil	1.30 ± 0.02^g	1.35 ± 0.02^b	3.49 ± 0.23^b	18.85 ± 3.12^b	4.84 ± 0.43^a
BHT	1.49 ± 0.19^g	1.55 ± 0.20^a	54.69 ± 19.88^a	20.34 ± 2.77^ab	6.28 ± 0.11^a
β-Carotene	0.96 ± 0.01^g	1.00 ± 0.01^c	0.00 ± 1.47^b	18.17 ± 0.48^a	5.95 ± 0.88^a

^a Mean ± SD (n = 3); in each column, means with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).

^b Mean ± SD (n = 3); in each column and for each part, means with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).