Investigation of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in snack foods in Jilin province, China

Figures & data

Table 1. Analytical characteristics of the method

Analyte	LOD (mg kg^−1)	LOQ (mg kg^−1)	MPL mg/kg						Recovery range (%)	R^2	RSD (%) n = 3
			Fruit wine	Noodle products	Pickled products	Baking products	Meat products	bean products
Benzoic acid	10.0	40.0	800	0	1000	1000	0	1000	93–105	0.9999	8.3
Sorbic acid	10.0	40.0	600	1000	1000	1000	75	1000	91–105	0.9998	8

Maximum permitted levels (MPL) was obtained by GB 2760–2014, China.

Figure 1. HPLC chromatogram of 1. benzoic acid 2. sorbic acid

Table 2. Frequency of samples with and without detected benzoic acid and sorbic acid, and samples containing preservatives above MPL for food collected Jilin province, China

Food	No. of samples analyzed	No. of samples without detectable residues (%)	No. of samples < MPL (%)	No. of samples > MPL (%)
Fruit wine	39	32 (82.1)	7 (17.9)	0 (0.0)
Noodle products	51	50 (98.0)	1 (2.0)	0 (0.0)
Pickled products	46	38 (82.6)	8 (17.4)	0 (0.0)
Baking products	20	16 (80.0)	4 (20.0)	0 (0.0)
Cooked meat products	44	41 (93.2)	1 (2.3)	2 (4.5)
bean products	21	21 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
packaged	121	100 (82.6)	20 (16.5)	1 (0.8)
bulk	100	98 (98.0)	1 (1.0)	1 (1.0)
total	221	198 (89.6)	21 (9.5)	2 (0.9)

Table 3. Occurrence patterns of preservatives for food collected Jilin province, China

Food	Number of samples	Detection		Benzoic acid (mg/kg)			Sorbic acid (mg/kg)			MPL mg/kg		Number of above MPL
		Benzoic acid	Sorbic acid	Geomean	Mean±SD	Range	Geomean	Mean ± SD	Range	Benzoic acid	Sorbic acid	Benzoic acid	Sorbic acid
Fruit wine	39	6 (15.4%)	3 (7.7%)	18.1	26.0 ± 17.3	2.0–50.0	136.1	140.0 ± 40.0	100.0–180.0	800	600	0	0
Noodle products	51	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.0%)	-	-	0	82.0	-	82.0	0	1000	0	0
Pickled products	46	6 (13.%)	5 (10.9%)	136.6	327.0 ± 281.5	2.0–780.0	42.6	123.0 ± 129.7	1.3–290.0	1000	1000	0	0
Baking products	20	4 (20%)	1 (5%)	79.1	175.0 ± 161.0	5.0–370.0	150.0	-	150.0	1000	1000	0	0
Cooked meat products	44	1 (2.3%)	3 (6.8%)	2.3	-	2.3	68.7	141.7 ± 189.5	20.0–360.0	0	75	1	1
bean products	21	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	-	-	0	-	-	0.0	1000	1000	0	0
packaged	121	15 (12.4%)	11 (9.1%)	65.6	187.5 ± 226.2	2.0–780.0	75.8	138.4 ± 115.2	1.3–360.0			0	1
bulk	100	2 (2.0%)	2 (2.0%)	3.4	3.7 ± 1.9	2.3–5.0	54.8	85.0 ± 91.9	20–150.0			1	0
total	221	17 (7.7%)	13 (5.9%)	46.3	165.9 ± 220.2	2.0–780.0	72.1	130.2 ± 110.3	1.3–360.0			1	1