In vitro effects of four polysaccharides containing β-D-Glup on intestinal function

Figures & data

Table 1. The viscosity of GB, GY, DOP, and DAP†

Treatment	Viscosity(cP)
G-B-2.5mg/mL	4.05 ± 0.06a‡
G-Y-2.5mg/mL	4.54 ± 0.01b
DOP-2.5mg/mL	6.89 ± 0.03c
DAP-2.5mg/mL	4.65 ± 0.01b
G-B-10mg/mL	3.66 ± 0.12b‡
G-Y-10mg/mL	1.19 ± 0.12a
DOP-10mg/mL	29.44 ± 0.18d
DAP-10mg/mL	4.83 ± 0.01c

†Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).

‡ Different letters (a, b, c, d) in the same row indicate significant difference between different treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 2. Calcium and iron concentrations of the polysaccharide from G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP.†

Sample	Calcium(mg/L)	Iron(mg/L)
G-B	1.794 ± 0.021c ‡	0.068 ± 0.005b
G-Y	0.808 ± 0.034a	0.290 ± 0.007d
DOP	2.450 ± 0.063d	0.224 ± 0.006c
DAP	1.016 ± 0.087b	0.043 ± 0.003a

†Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).

^Ⅱ Different letters (a, b, c, d,) in the same row indicate significant difference between different treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 3. Maximum velocity of glucose diffusion in Glucose-polysaccharide system.†

Treatment	Equation	R^2	Vmax(mg/mL*h)
Control	y = 0.064x^2 – 0.658x + 1.921	0.997	0.658e‡
G-B-1.25mg/mL	y = 0.025x^2 – 0.343x + 1.753	0.927	0.343d
G-Y-1.25mg/mL	y = 0.014x^2 – 0.232x + 1.629	0.928	0.232c
DOP-1.25mg/mL	y = −0.017x^2 + 0.018x + 1.461	0.950	0.018a
DAP-1.25mg/mL	y = 0.007x^2 – 0.211x + 1.704	0.834	0.211b
Control	y = 0.064x^2 – 0.658x + 1.921	0.997	0.658e‡
G-B-5mg/mL	y = 0.014x^2 – 0.347x + 1.801	0.979	0.347c
G-Y-5mg/mL	y = 0.047x^2 – 0.563x + 2.184	0.933	0.563d
DOP-5mg/mL	y = −0.017x^2 + 0.017x + 1.485	0.963	0.017a
DAP-5mg/mL	y = 0.002x^2 – 0.165x + 1.705	0.948	0.165b

†Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).

‡ Different letters (a, b, c, d, e) in the same row indicate significant difference between different treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 4. Effect of the polysaccharide from G-B, G-Y, DOP, and DAP on the activity of α-amylase.†

Treatment	Glucose producing rate (10^−4mmol/h)	Residual α-amylase activity (%)‡
Control	4.254 ± 0.000b§	100.000 ± 0.000b
G-B-2.5mg/mL	4.241 ± 0.002a,b	99.686 ± 0.063a,b
G-Y-2.5mg/mL	4.250 ± 0.020b	99.906 ± 0.471b
DOP-2.5mg/mL	4.210 ± 0.001a	98.964 ± 0.031a
DAP-2.5mg/mL	4.214 ± 0.003a	99.058 ± 0.063a
Control	4.254 ± 0.000c§	100 ± 0.000c
G-B-10mg/mL	4.209 ± 0.000b	98.933 ± 0.000b
G-Y-10mg/mL	4.241 ± 0.011c	99.686 ± 0.251c
DOP-10mg/mL	4.184 ± 0.007a	98.337 ± 0.156a
DAP-10mg/mL	4.204 ± 0.003a,b	98.807 ± 0.063a,b

†Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).

‡ The residual α-amylase activity (%) was defined as the percentage of glucose producing rate with G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP addition over the control value (without G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP addition).

§ Different letters (a, b, c) in the same column indicate significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 5. Effect of the polysaccharide from G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP on protease activity.†

Treatment	Protein digestion rate (μmol/h)	Residual protease activity (%)‡
Control	50.08 ± 0.01d§	100 ± 0.00d
G-B-2.5mg/mL	43.75 ± 0.35c	87.37 ± 0.70c
G-Y-2.5mg/mL	37.83 ± 0.12a	75.55 ± 0.23a
DOP-2.5mg/mL	40.82 ± 0.46b	81.51 ± 0.94b
DAP-2.5mg/mL	44.19 ± 0.50c	88.23 ± 0.99c
Control	50.08 ± 0.01b§	100 ± 0.00b
G-B-10mg/mL	44.18 ± 1.08a	88.23 ± 2.16a
G-Y-10mg/mL	46.53 ± 0.03a	92.92 ± 0.06a
DOP-10mg/mL	43.90 ± 0.32a	87.65 ± 0.64a
DAP-10mg/mL	45.57 ± 1.23a	90.99 ± 2.45a

†Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).

‡Values indicated the percentage of protein digestion rate with GB, GY, DOP, DAP addition over the control value (without G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP addition).

§ Different letters (a, b, c, d) in the same column indicate significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05)

Table 6. Effect of the polysaccharide from G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP on pancreatic lipase activity.†

Treatment	Free fatty acid producing rate (μmol/h)	Residual pancreatic lipase activity (%)‡
Control	111.0 ± 1.0c§	100 ± 0.0d
G-B-2.5mg/mL	91.9 ± 0.5a	82.7 ± 0.4b
G-Y-2.5mg/mL	100.0 ± 0.3b	90.1 ± 0.3c
DOP-2.5mg/mL	100.3 ± 0.6b	90.4 ± 0.5c
DAP-2.5mg/mL	89.7 ± 0.2a	80.8 ± 0.1a
Control	111.0 ± 1.0c§	100 ± 0.0c
G-B-10mg/mL	80.3 ± 0.9a	72.3 ± 0.8a
G-Y-10mg/mL	89.9 ± 0.3b	81.0 ± 0.2b
DOP-10mg/mL	79.3 ± 1.1a	71.4 ± 1.0a
DAP-10mg/mL	78.9 ± 0.4a	71.1 ± 0.3a

†Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).

‡ Values indicated the percentage of free fatty acid producing rate with G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP addition over the control value (without G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP addition).

§ Different letters (a, b, c, d) in the same column indicate significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 7. Bile acids binding abilities of the polysaccharide from G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP relative to simvastatin.†

Treatment	Total bile acids bound (μmol)	Relative bile acids binding ability (%)‡
Simvastatin-2.5mg/mL	2.21 ± 0.00a§	100 ± 0.00a
G-B-2.5mg/mL	2.93 ± 0.00b	132.72 ± 0.00b
G-Y-2.5mg/mL	3.12 ± 0.00b	141.12 ± 0.24b
DOP-2.5mg/mL	2.29 ± 0.12a	104.01 ± 5.59a
DAP-2.5mg/mL	2.41 ± 0.00a	109.19 ± 0.00a
Simvastatin-10mg/mL	2.19 ± 0.01a§	100 ± 0.00a
G-B-10mg/mL	3.13 ± 0.00c	143.75 ± 0.00c
G-Y-10mg/mL	3.15 ± 0.01c	144.61 ± 0.57c
DOP-10mg/mL	2.30 ± 0.11a	105.59 ± 5.38a
DAP-10mg/mL	2.61 ± 0.00b	119.74 ± 0.00b

†Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).

‡The relative bile acids binding ability of the G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP was determined by the total amount of bile acids bound by G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP over the control (using simvastatin at 2.5,10 mg/ml), for which its ability was defined as 100%.

§ Different letters (a, b，c) in the same column indicate significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 8. Effect of the polysaccharide from G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP on the disruption of cholesterol micelle.†

Treatment	Concentration of unbroken cholesterol-micelle (μg/ml)	Percent decrease of cholesterol-micelle (%)‡
Control	374.0 ± 7.5c§	-
G-B-2.5mg/mL	337.6 ± 6.0b	−9.7 ± 1.6b
G-Y-2.5mg/mL	290.0 ± 5.5a	−22.4 ± 1.4a
DOP-2.5mg/mL	369.1 ± 2.5c	−1.3 ± 0.6c
DAP-2.5mg/mL	356.6 ± 0.2c	−4.6 ± 0.0c
Control	374.0 ± 7.5c§	-
G-B-10mg/mL	349.6 ± 2.0b	−6.6 ± 0.5b
G-Y-10mg/mL	271.5 ± 8.0a	−27.4 ± 2.1a
DOP-10mg/mL	356.6 ± 0.0b,c	−4.7 ± 0.0b
DAP-10mg/mL	344.6 ± 0.0b	−7.9 ± 0.0b

† Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).

‡ The percent decrease of cholesterol-micelle was determined by the loss in the concentration of unbroken cholesterol-micelle with G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP addition over the control value (without G-B, G-Y, DOP, DAP addition).

§ Different letters (a, b, c) in the same column indicate significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05).