Bioactivities of patchoulol and phloroacetophenone from Pogostemon cablin essential oil against three insects

Figures & data

Table 2. Contact toxicity of P. cablin essential oil and its two major compounds against T. castaneum, L. serricorne, and L. bostrychophila.

Insects	Samples	LD50 (μg/adult; μg/cm^2)	95% Confidence Intervals	Slope ± SE ^c	χ^2	P-value
TC	P. cablin	0.20	0.11–0.30	1.55 ± 0.26	7.32	0.695
	Patchoulol	96.60	71.19–135.94	1.97 ± 0.40	10.61	0.388
	Phloroacetophenone	-	-	-	-	-
	Pyrethrins^a	0.26	0.22–0.30	3.34 ± 0.32	13.11	0.950
LS	P. cablin	2.48	2.13–2.95	4.90 ± 0.83	5.45	0.859
	Patchoulol	13.08	10.76–16.02	2.48 ± 0.36	3.45	1.000
	Phloroacetophenone	-	-	-	-	-
	Pyrethrins^b	0.24	0.16–0.35	1.31 ± 0.20	17.36	0.791
LB	P. cablin	37.88	35.75–40.24	17.49 ± 2.32	4.32	0.987
	Patchoulol	30.72	27.94–33.76	8.17 ± 1.26	5.31	0.870
	Phloroacetophenone	-	-	-	-	-
	Pyrethrins^b	18.72	17.60–19.92	2.98 ± 0.40	10.56	0.987

^aData from You et al.^{[39] b}data from Yang et al.^{[40] c}SE: Standard error.

Table 1. Chemical components identified in the essential oil extracted from aerial parts of P. cablin.

No.	RI ^a	RI ^b	Compounds	Molecular Formula	Relative Content(%)	Identified method
1	-	-	Phloroacetophenone	C8H8O4	23.5	MS; Co
2	1285	1283	Anethol	C10H12O	1.4	MS; RI
3	1389	1388	β-Patchoulene	C15H24	7.3	MS; RI
4	1439	1441	γ-Patchoulene	C15H24	3.2	MS; RI
5	1472	1471	γ-Gurjunene	C15H24	1.5	MS; RI
6	1497	1503	δ-Guaiene	C15H24	0.8	MS; RI
7	1563	1564	Epiglobulol	C15H26O	2.7	MS; RI
8	1657	1657	Patchoulol	C15H26O	51.1	MS; RI; Co
			Monoterpenoids		1.4
			Sesquiterpenoids		67.5
			Total		92.4

^aRI cal.: retention index relative to n-alkanes (C₈–C₄₀) on HP-5MS column; ^bRI lit.: retention index taken from the NIST 05 library; ^cMS: based on comparison of mass spectra with those listed in the NIST 05 and Wiley 275 libraries or with those reported in the literatures, Co: co-injection with standard compound.

Table 3. Repellency of P. cablin essential oil and its two major compounds against T. castaneum, L. serricorne, and L. bostrychophila.

Treatment	2 h (% ± SE^b)				4 h (% ± SE^b)
TC	15.83^a	3.15^a	0.63^a	0.13^a	15.83^a	3.15^a	0.63^a	0.13^a
P. cablin	76 ± 5b	24 ± 5a	10 ± 6b	−18 ± 6ab	68 ± 7ab	68 ± 4b	4 ± 2b	2 ± 4bc
Patchoulol	90 ± 3b	18 ± 6a	−36 ± 4a	−54 ± 7a	80 ± 6b	−32 ± 10a	−44 ± 5a	−52 ± 6a
Phloroacetophenone	−8 ± 11a	18 ± 30a	−24 ± 17ab	−52 ± 27a	28 ± 21a	48 ± 11b	−44 ± 16a	−30 ± 15ab
DEET	98 ± 3b	78 ± 14a	66 ± 10c	8 ± 5b	82 ± 8b	68 ± 5b	54 ± 8c	22 ± 8c
LS	15.83^a	3.15^a	0.63^a	0.13^a	15.83^a	3.15^a	0.63^a	0.13^a
P. cablin	56 ± 2b	0 ± 3ab	0 ± 4bc	8 ± 4a	30 ± 8bc	−2 ± 6a	2 ± 9b	−20 ± 6a
Patchoulol	30 ± 4b	−32 ± 4a	−26 ± 5ab	−2 ± 8a	−12 ± 8ab	−26 ± 7a	−16 ± 5ab	−24 ± 7a
Phloroacetophenone	−34 ± 19a	−6 ± 18ab	−48 ± 14a	−4 ± 27a	−40 ± 23a	−28 ± 17a	−32 ± 11a	0 ± 36ab
DEET	76 ± 14b	28 ± 7b	20 ± 14c	16 ± 7a	78 ± 9c	58 ± 15b	56 ± 14c	46 ± 7b
LB	12.63^a	2.53^a	0.51^a	0.10^a	12.63^a	2.53^a	0.51^a	0.10^a
P. cablin	76 ± 8b	40 ± 8ab	10 ± 7b	−10 ± 8a	90 ± 3b	52 ± 7b	62 ± 5b	−10 ± 4a
Patchoulol	76 ± 7b	28 ± 11ab	−28 ± 10a	−2 ± 10a	78 ± 4b	0 ± 9a	−20 ± 6a	4 ± 9ab
Phloroacetophenone	−10 ± 19a	20 ± 21a	−8 ± 11ab	2 ± 11a	10 ± 14a	−42 ± 17a	26 ± 13b	−14 ± 14a
DEET	82 ± 5b	86 ± 8c	70 ± 12c	56 ± 3b	84 ± 3b	82 ± 8b	54 ± 17b	28 ± 14b

^aConcentration (nL/cm2); ^bThe values are expressed as the means ± error of five independent experiments; means followed by the same lower-case are not significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD test.

You, C.-X.; Yang, K.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, W.-J.; Wang, Y.; Geng, Z.-F.; Chen, H.-P.; Jiang, H.-Y.; Du, -S.-S.; Deng, Z.-W.; et al. Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activities of the Essential Oil of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. Aerial Parts against Two Stored Product Insects. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2014, 239(3), 418–490. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2242-8.

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Yang, K.; Wang, C.-F.; You, C.-X.; Geng, Z.-F.; Sun, R.-Q.; Guo, -S.-S.; Du, -S.-S.; Liu, Z.-L.; Deng, Z.-W. Bioactivity of Essential Oil of Litsea cubeba from China and Its Main Compounds against Two Stored Product Insects. J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. 2014, 17(3), 459–466. DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2014.03.011.

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