Essential oil composition of Zanthoxylum armatum leaves as a function of growing conditions

Figures & data

Table 1. Locality details

S. No.	Locality	Altitude (m)	Latitude/Longitude	Aspect	Habitat	Land use/Forest Type
1	Aringalphedi	1000	N28°16ʹ07.3” E 082°18ʹ30.3”	NE	Cultivated (C)	Fallow land near forest
2	Aringalphedi	1060	N28°16ʹ06.3” E 082°18ʹ30.3”	NW	Wild (W)	Forest near village settlement
3	Aagarkhola	1390	N28°14ʹ33.78” E 82°21ʹ08.35”	NE	Cultivated (C)	Agricultural land near forest
4	Aagarkhola	1400	N 28°14ʹ35.63” E082°21ʹ09.61”	NW	Wild (W)	Mixed Forest near village
5	Rim, Saunepani	1650	N 28°26ʹ763” E 082°35ʹ830”	NE	Cultivated (C)	On the edges of roadside
6	Kupinde	1680	N 28°41ʹ319” E 082°09ʹ350”	NE	Wild (W)	Disturbed forest due to road construction
7	Kimichaur	1730	N 28°26ʹ524” E 082°37ʹ741”	NW	Cultivated (C)	Near roadside on edges of farmyard
8	Rim, Rayale	1770	N 28°26ʹ525” E 082°37ʹ740”	SW	Wild (W)	Mixed Quercus forest
9	Kopchikhola, Chhatreswori	1990	N 28°40ʹ098” E 082°35ʹ497”	NW	Wild (W)	Moist shady mixed forest
10	Kopchikhola, Chhatreswori	2030	N 28°40ʹ227” E 082°35ʹ688”	NE	Cultivated (C)	Cultivated on edge of farmyard

Table 2. GC-MS analysis of leaf essential oil of Z. armatum from different elevation & populations

				Area %
S.No	Name of the compound	RI ^a	RI ^b	1000 (C)	1060 (W)	1390 (C)	1400 (W)	1650 (C)	1680 (W)	1730 (C)	1770 (W)	1990 (W)	2030 (C)	Average (%)
1	Alpha-Pinene	939^[Citation25]	948	0.42		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.42
2	Myrcene	991^[Citation25]	991	2.08	2.35	7.19	4.24	3.31	4.25	2.88	3.67	4.12	2.16	3.62
3	Limonene	1031^[Citation25]	1030	11.94	12.57	35.55	21.91	17.51	22.40	18.11	19.55	24.78	13.92	19.82
4	Linalool	1098^[Citation25]	1101	62.77	64.48	16.01	43.26	48.00	27.68	21.87	50.06	20.14	33.07	38.73
5	2,3-Octanedione	1082^[Citation26]	1115	-		-	-	-	-	-	-	0.59	-	0.59
6	3,7-Dimethylundecane	1218^[Citation25]	1185	0.34		-		-	-	1.12	-	0.48	-	0.64
7	Alpha-Terpineol	1189^[Citation25]	1195	0.42		-	0.55	-	1.42	-	0.47	-	-	0.71
8	Dodecane	1199^[Citation25]	1200	-		0.63		-	-	-		-	1.03	0.83
9	2-Undecanol	1287^[Citation25]	1277	-		-	0.47	-	0.94	-	-	1.51	-	0.97
10	Undecan-2-one	1287^[Citation27]	1294	11.74	9.55	24.88	16.58	16.98	31.03	34.63	15.67	33.72	32.73	22.75
11	Tridecane	1299^[Citation25]	1300	-		1.36	0.20	-	-	1.22	-	0.70	-	0.87
12	Methyl (E)-Cinnamate	1379^[Citation25]	1384	4.44	1.46	2.03	3.23	4.83	1.29	1.51	3.07	0.67	-	2.5
13	Alpha-Bergamotene	1434^[Citation28]	1430	1.26	1.42	2.07	1.36	1.91	2.40	3.56	1.73	2.62	6.10	2.44
14	Tridecan-2-one	1496^[Citation25]	1495	2.03	1.79	7.47	5.62	4.30	5.36	13.03	3.51	8.06	8.91	6
15	Trans Nerolidol	1564^[Citation25]	1564	-		-	0.52	-	-	-	0.57	-	-	0.54
16	Phytol	2105^[Citation29]	2106	-		-	-	2.12	1.00	-	-	1.28	-	1.46
17	Isophytol, acetate	2282^[Citation30]	2286	0.77		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.77
Oil Yield (%)				0.2	0.24	0.25	0.16	0.27	0.50	0.26	0.30	0.24	0.22	0.26
Total no. of components				11	7	9	11	8	10	9	9	12	7	9.3
Total % of components				98.21	93.62	97.19	97.94	98.66	97.77	97.93	98.3	98.67	97.92	97.62

Compounds are listed in the order of elution on a DB5 column.

RI^a Retention index from different literatures.

RI^b calculated by GC using n-alkane series under the same conditions.

Oil yield % are given in bold.

Figure 1. Composition of leaf essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum at different altitudes and habitats

Figure 2. Structures of the major components of leaf essential oil of Zanthoxhylum Armatum (A) Linalool (B) Limonene (C) Myrcene (D) Methyl (E) Cinnamate (E) Undecan −2-One (F) Alpha-Bergamotene G Tridecan −2-One

Table 3. Soil parameters at different altitudes

S. No.	Altitude	SOC (%)	Total N (%)	pH
1	1000 (C)	3.344	0.300	6.48
2	1060 (W)	4.493	0.353	7.5
3	1390 (C)	4.629	0.432	7.52
4	1400 (W)	2.688	0.656	6.78
5	1650 (C)	4.854	0.373	5.92
6	1680 (W)	2.891	0.221	5.65
7	1730 (C)	3.548	0.602	5.5
8	1770 (W)	4.197	0.326	6.08
9	1990 (W)	2.478	0.555	7.04
10	2030 (C)	5.028	0.394	6.19

Table 4. ANOVA table for the effect and soil on the major components of Z. armatum essential oil

S. N.	Name of the compound	Mean value
1	Linalool	621.9***
2	Undecan-2-one	190.37***
3	Limonene	97.86***
4	Tridecan-2-one	24.41***
5	Myrcene	4.38***
6	Methyl (E)- cinnamate	5.41***
7	Alpha-bergamotene	4.91***

*** P value < 0.01

Myrcene

Limonene

Linalool

Undecan-2-one

Methyl (E) Cinnamate

Alpha- Bergamotene

Tridecan-2-one

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