Shelf life and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits as affected by neem leaf extract dipping and beeswax coating

Figures & data

Table 1. The interaction effect of Neem leaf extract dipping (NLE) and beeswax coating (BW) on the mean weight loss (%, ±SD) of tomato fruits during 36 days of storage period

Treatments		Weight loss (%)
		Storage period (days)
Neem leaf extract dipping (%)	Beeswax coating (%)	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32
0	0	1.430 ° (0.01)	2.720 ° (0.01)	3.600 ^n (0.01)	5.060 ^gh (1.74)	10.700 ^l (0.01)	17.120 ^m (0.01)	-	-
0	3	1.230 ^k (0.01)	1.630 ^k (0.01)	2.563 ^j (0.06)	4.530 ^efgh (0.01)	6.610 ^j (0.01)	9.460 ^j (0.01)	12.610 ^k (0.01)	17.117 ^k (0.02)
0	6	1.030 ^h (0.01)	1.393 ^h (0.01)	2.180 ^g (0.01)	4.070 ^de (0.01)	6.140 ^g (0.01)	9.010 ^g (0.01)	12.150 ^h (0.01)	16.680 ^h (0.01)
0	9	0.9400 ^e (0.01)	1.220 ^f (0.01)	1.680 ^d (0.01)	3.570 ^cd (0.01)	5.360 ^f (0.01)	8.010 ^f (0.01)	11.140 ^g (0.01)	15.660 ^g (0.01)
15	0	1.350 ^n (0.01)	2.500 ^n (0.01)	3.250 ^m (0.01)	5.250 ^h (0.01)	6.790 ^k (0.17)	10.490 ^l (0.01)	16.960 ^m (0.01)	-
15	3	1.140 ^j (0.01)	1.530 ^j (0.01)	2.320 ^h (0.01)	4.210 ^def (0.01)	6.280 ^h (0.01)	9.120 ^h (0.01)	12.260 ^I (0.01)	16.780 ^I (0.01)
15	6	0.940 ^f (0.01)	1.280 ^g (0.01)	2.050 ^f (0.01)	3.620 ^cd (0.01)	5.410 ^f (0.01)	8.060 ^f (0.01)	11.160 ^g (0.01)	15.670 ^g (0.01)
15	9	0.840 ^c (0.01)	1.110 ^d (0.01)	1.470 ^c (0.01)	2.760 ^ab (0.01)	4.500 ^c (0.01)	7.150 ^c (0.01)	10.270 ^d (0.01)	14.790 ^d (0.01)
20	0	1.300 ^m (0.01)	2.310 ^m (0.01)	3.170 ^l (0.01)	4.850 ^fgh (0.01)	6.580 ^j (0.01)	10.070 ^k (0.01)	16.870 ^l (0.01)	-
20	3	1.090 ^I (0.01)	1.480 ^I (0.01)	2.470 ^I (0.01)	4.360 ^efg (0.01)	6.430 ^I (0.01)	9.270 ^I (0.01)	12.400 ^j (0.01)	16.920 ^j (0.01)
20	6	0.870 ^d (0.01)	1.150 ^e (0.01)	1.850 ^e(0.01)	3.340 ^bc (0.01)	5.060 ^e (0.01)	7.560 ^e (0.01)	10.680 ^f (0.01)	15.220 ^f (0.01)
20	9	0.800 ^b (0.01)	0.950 ^b (0.01)	1.250 ^b (0.01)	2.500 ^a (0.01)	4.220 ^b (0.01)	6.870 ^b (0.01)	9.980 ^c (0.01)	14.510 ^c (0.01)
25	0	1.250 ^l (0.01)	2.110 ^l (0.01)	3.010 ^k (0.01)	4.690 ^efgh (0.01)	6.110 ^g (0.01)	9.110 ^h (0.01)	16.810 ^l (0.01)	-
25	3	1.010 ^g (0.01)	1.120 ^d (0.01)	2.140 ^g (0.01)	3.510 ^cd (0.01)	4.800 ^d (0.01)	7.400 ^d (0.01)	10.520 ^e (0.01)	15.050 ^e (0.01)
25	6	0.810 ^b (0.01)	1.050 ^c (0.01)	1.490 ^c (0.15)	2.600 ^a (0.01)	4.583 ^c (0.22)	7.163 ^c (0.17)	10.273 ^d (0.17)	14.783 ^d (0.17)
25	9	0.700 ^a (0.01)	0.900 ^a (0.01)	1.130 ^a (0.01)	2.360 ^a (0.01)	3.770 ^a (0.01)	6.270 ^a (0.01)	9.370 ^b (0.01)	13.890 ^b (0.01)
P value		0.000	0.0001	0.0001	0.379	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001

a-o Means within a column not sharing a superscript letter are significantly different (p < .05). SD= standard deviation

Table 2. The interaction effect of Neem leaf extract dipping (NLE) and beeswax coating (BW) on the mean total soluble solids (TSS) content (°Brix, ±SD) of tomato fruits during 36 days of storage period

Treatments		Total soluble solids (°Brix)
		Storage period (days)
Neem leaf extract dipping (%)	Beeswax coating (%)	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36
0	0	4.650 ^m(0.01)	4.690^i(0.01)	4.740^i(0.01)	4.800^k(0.01)	4.900 ^j(0.01)	4.993 ^l(0.01)	4.780^a(0.01)	-	-
0	3	4.6100^ij(0.01)	4.650 ^g(0.01)	4.690 ^g(0.01)	4.740^i(0.01)	4.810 ^h(0.01)	4.897^i(0.01)	4.940^i(0.01)	4.940^e(0.01)	4.900^b(0.00)
0	6	4.580f^g(0.01)	4.610^def(0.02)	4.640^ef(0.01)	4.700^gh(0.01)	4.770 ^g(0.01)	4.853 ^h(0.01)	4.903^gh(0.01)	4.953 ^f(0.01)	4.933^e(0.01)
0	9	4.560^de(0.01)	4.590 ^cd(0.01)	4.620 ^cd(0.01)	4.660 ^cd(0.01)	4.720^d(0.01)	4.783^d(0.01)	4.887^de(0.01)	4.973 ^h(0.01)	4.943 ^f(0.01)
15	0	4.640 l^m(0.01)	4.680^hi(0.01)	4.730^hi(0.01)	4.790^jk(0.01)	4.863^i(0.01)	4.943^jk(0.01)	4.997 ^j(0.01)	4.810^b(0.01)	-
15	3	4.600^hi(0.01)	4.620 ^f(0.01)	4.650 ^f(0.01)	4.710 ^h(0.01)	4.750^ef(0.01)	4.8330 ^g(0.01)	4.910 ^h(0.01)	4.943^e(0.01)	4.913^c(0.01)
15	6	4.570^ef(0.01)	4.597^cde(0.02)	4.630^de(0.01)	4.690^fg(0.01)	4.760^fg(0.01)	4.820^fg(0.01)	4.897^efg(0.01)	4.973 ^h(0.01)	4.933^e(0.01)
15	9	4.540^bc(0.01)	4.560^b(0.01)	4.593^b(0.01)	4.630^b(0.01)	4.690^bc(0.01)	4.773 ^cd(0.01)	4.890^ef(0.01)	4.993 ^j(0.01)	4.953 ^g(0.01)
20	0	4.630^kl(0.01)	4.670 ^h(0.01)	4.720 ^h(0.01)	4.780 ^j(0.01)	4.850^i(0.01)	4.940 ^j(0.01)	4.997 ^j(0.01)	4.823^c(0.01)	-
20	3	4.590^gh(0.01)	4.610^ef(0.01)	4.640^ef(0.01)	4.680^ef(0.01)	4.740^e(0.01)	4.813^ef(0.01)	4.907^gh(0.01)	4.953 ^f(0.01)	4.923^d(0.01)
20	6	4.550 ^cd(0.01)	4.580^c(0.01)	4.610^c(0.01)	4.650^c(0.01)	4.700^c(0.01)	4.783^d(0.02)	4.900^fgh(0.00)	4.983^i(0.01)	4.933^e(0.01)
20	9	4.530^ab(0.01)	4.550^ab(0.01)	4.580^ab(0.01)	4.620^ab(0.01)	4.670^a(0.01)	4.747^b(0.01)	4.867^c(0.01)	5.000 ^j(0.00)	4.973^i(0.01)
25	0	4.620^jk(0.01)	4.650 ^g(0.01)	4.690 ^g(0.01)	4.740^i(0.01)	4.800 ^h(0.01)	4.953^k(0.01)	4.993 ^j(0.01)	4.843^d(0.01)	-
25	3	4.580^fg(0.01)	4.600^de(0.01)	4.630^de(0.01)	4.670^de(0.01)	4.720^d(0.01)	4.803^e(0.01)	4.903^gh(0.01)	4.963 ^g(0.01)	4.943 ^f(0.01)
25	6	4.540^bc(0.01)	4.560^b(0.01)	4.590^b(0.01)	4.630^b(0.01)	4.690^bc(0.01)	4.763^c(0.01)	4.877 ^cd(0.01)	5.000 ^j(0.00)	4.963 ^h(0.01)
25	9	4.520^a(0.01)	4.540^a(0.01)	4.570^a(0.01)	4.610^a(0.01)	4.680^ab(0.01)	4.730^a(0.01)	4.853^b(0.01)	5.000 ^j(0.00)	4.983 ^j(0.01)
P value		0.948	0.631	0.144	0.009	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001

a-m Means within a column not sharing a superscript letter are significantly different (p < .05). SD= standard deviation

Table 3. The interaction effect of Neem leaf extract dipping (NLE) and beeswax coating (BW) on the mean titratable acidity (% citric acid, ±SD) of tomato fruits during 36 days of storage period

Treatments		Titratable acidity (% citric acid)
		Storage period (days)
Neem leaf extract dipping (%)	Beeswax coating (%)	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36
0	0	0.74^a(0.01)	0.580 ^a(0.01)	0.600 ^ab (0.22)	0.720 ^a (0.01)	0.560 ^a(0.01)	0.400 ^a(0.01)	0.240 ^a(0.01)	-	-
0	3	0.840 ^e(0.01)	0.720 ^e(0.01)	0.580 ^a (0.08)	0.790 ^d(0.01)	0.670 ^e(0.01)	0.550 ^e(0.01)	0.500 ^e(0.01)	0.377 ^d9 (0.01)	0.217 ^b (0.01)
0	6	0.873 ^fg(0.01)	0.767 ^fg(0.02)	0.673 ^abcd (0.04)	0.840 ^g(0.01)	0.733 ^fg(0.01)	0.627 ^fg(0.02)	0.527 ^f(0.02)	0.417 ^ef (0.02)	0.273 ^d (0.03)
0	9	0.910 ^ij(0.01)	0.810 ^h(0.01)	0.700 ^abcde (0.01)	0.850 ^gh(0.01)	0.750 ^gh(0.01)	0.650 ^hi(0.01)	0.550 ^g(0.01)	0.440 ^fg (0.01)	0.307 ^ef (0.01)
15	0	0.760 ^b(0.01)	0.610 ^b(0.01)	0.577 ^a (0.12)	0.740 ^b(0.01)	0.590 ^b(0.01)	0.440 ^b(0.01)	0.320 ^b(0.01)	0.187 ^b (0.02)	-
15	3	0.860 ^f(0.01)	0.750 ^f(0.01)	0.617 ^abc (0.08)	0.810 ^e(0.01)	0.720 ^f(0.01)	0.610 ^f(0.01)	0.500 ^e(0.01)	0.410 ^e (0.01)	0.247 ^c (0.01)
15	6	0.890 ^gh(0.01)	0.783 ^g(0.01)	0.703 ^abcde (0.02)	0.860 ^hi(0.01)	0.770 ^i(0.01)	0.670 ^jk(0.01)	0.570 ^h(0.01)	0.450 ^gh (0.01)	0.320 ^f (0.01)
15	9	0.930 ^kl(0.01)	0.830 ^i(0.01)	0.750 ^cde (0.02)	0.870 ^i(0.01)	0.790 ^j(0.01)	0.700 ^m(0.01)	0.610 ^j(0.01)	0.493 ^I (0.02)	0.373 ^h (0.02)
20	0	0.800 ^c(0.01)	0.660 ^c(0.01)	0.627 ^abc (0.12)	0.750 ^bc(0.01)	0.630 ^c(0.01)	0.490 ^c(0.01)	0.440 ^c(0.01)	0.303 ^c (0.01)	-
20	3	0.877 ^fg(0.01)	0.777 ^g(0.01)	0.647 ^abcd (0.07)	0.820 ^ef(0.01)	0.737 ^fg(0.01)	0.633 ^gh(0.02)	0.533 ^fg(0.02)	0.423 ^ef (0.01)	0.287 ^de (0.02)
20	6	0.920 ^jk(0.01)	0.820 ^hi(0.01)	0.740 ^bcde (0.03)	0.833 ^fg(0.02)	0.760 ^hi(0.01)	0.680 ^kl(0.01)	0.590 ^i(0.01)	0.483 ^I (0.02)	0.363 ^gh (0.02)
20	9	0.950 ^m(0.01)	0.860 ^j(0.01)	0.793 ^de (0.02)	0.890 ^j(0.01)	0.820 ^k(0.01)	0.750 ^n(0.01)	0.670 ^k(0.01)	0.577 ^k (0.02)	0.467 ^j (0.02)
25	0	0.820 ^d(0.01)	0.690 ^d(0.01)	0.663 ^abcd (0.14)	0.760 ^c(0.01)	0.650 ^d(0.01)	0.520 ^d(0.01)	0.470 ^d(0.01)	0.323 ^c (0.02)	-
25	3	0.900 ^hi(0.01)	0.810 ^h(0.01)	0.697 ^abcde (0.08)	0.810 ^e(0.01)	0.720 ^f(0.01)	0.660 ^ij(0.01)	0.580 ^hi(0.01)	0.470 ^hi (0.03)	0.347 ^g (0.03)
25	6	0.940 ^lm(0.01)	0.860 ^j(0.01)	0.787 ^de (0.03)	0.850 ^gh(0.01)	0.750 ^gh(0.01)	0.690 ^lm(0.01)	0.620 ^j(0.01)	0.527 ^j (0.02)	0.417 ^I (0.02)
25	9	0.980 ^n(0.01)	0.910 ^k(0.01)	0.837 ^e (0.03)	0.900 ^j(0.01)	0.840 ^l(0.01)	0.780 °(0.01)	0.720 ^l(0.01)	0.637 ^l (0.02)	0.537 ^k (0.02)
P value		0.530	0.238	1.000	0.002	<0.0001	0.000	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001

a-o Means within a column not sharing a superscript letter are significantly different (p < .05). SD= standard deviation

Table 4. The interaction effect of Neem leaf extract (NLE) dipping and beeswax (BW) coating on the mean pH value (±SD) of tomato fruits during storage 36 days of storage period

Treatments		pH value
		Storage period (days)
Neem leaf extract dipping (%)	Beeswax coating (%)	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36
0	0	3.990 ^n(0.01)	4.080 ^l(0.01)	4.150 ^l(0.01)	4.220 ^l(0.01)	4.40 m(0.01)	4.550 ^m(0.01)	4.690 ^l(0.01)	-	-
0	3	3.840^jk(0.01)	3.890 ^h(0.01)	3.950 ^h(0.01)	3.980 ^h(0.01)	4.120^i(0.01)	4.230^I(0.01)	4.340 ^h(0.01)	4.550^gh(0.01)	4.680 ^h(0.01)
0	6	3.810^gh(0.01)	3.860^ef(0.01)	3.910^fg(0.01)	3.930 ^f(0.01)	4.060^gh(0.01)	4.160^gh(0.01)	4.260^fg(0.01)	4.460 ^f(0.01)	4.660^gh(0.05)
0	9	3.790^ef(0.01)	3.823^c(0.02)	3.860^d(0.02)	3.890^d(0.01)	3.980^d(0.01)	4.070^d(0.01)	4.160^d(0.01)	4.350^d(0.01)	4.550 ^cd(0.01)
15	0	3.870 ^m(0.01)	3.950^k(0.01)	4.020^k(0.01)	4.080^k(0.01)	4.250 ^l(0.01)	4.390 ^l(0.01)	4.530^k(0.01)	4.880 ^j(0.16)	-
15	3	3.830^ij(0.01)	3.880^gh(0.01)	3.940 ^h(0.01)	3.970 ^h(0.01)	4.110^i(0.01)	4.220^i(0.01)	4.330 ^h(0.01)	4.540 ^g(0.01)	4.660^gh(0.01)
15	6	3.800^fg(0.01)	3.840 ^cd(0.01)	3.890^e(0.01)	3.910^e(0.01)	4.040 ^f(0.01)	4.140 ^f(0.01)	4.2370 ^f(0.01)	4.440^ef(0.01)	4.590^ef(0.01)
15	9	3.760^bc(0.01)	3.797^b(0.01)	3.833^c(0.02)	3.850^c(0.01)	3.963 ^cd(0.01)	4.050^c(0.02)	4.140c(0.03)	4.327 ^cd(0.01)	4.540^c(0.01)
20	0	3.860 ^lm(0.01)	3.930 ^j(0.01)	4.000 ^j(0.01)	4.060 ^j(0.01)	4.210^k(0.01)	4.340^k(0.01)	4.470 ^j(0.01)	4.630^i(0.01)	-
20	3	3.820^hi(0.01)	3.870^fg(0.01)	3.920 ^g(0.01)	3.950 ^g(0.01)	4.070 ^h(0.01)	4.170 ^h(0.01)	4.270 ^g(0.01)	4.470 ^f(0.01)	4.640 ^g(0.01)
20	6	3.780^de(0.01)	3.823^c(0.02)	3.857^d(0.01)	3.860^c(0.01)	4.010^e(0.01)	4.100^e(0.01)	4.190^e(0.01)	4.380^de(0.01)	4.570^de(0.01)
20	9	3.750^ab(0.01)	3.780^b(0.01)	3.810^b(0.01)	3.820^b(0.01)	3.930^b(0.01)	4.010^b(0.01)	4.090^b(0.01)	4.270^bc(0.01)	4.527^c(0.02)
25	0	3.850^kl(0.01)	3.910^i(0.01)	3.980^i(0.01)	4.020^i(0.01)	4.170 ^j(0.01)	4.290 ^j(0.01)	4.410^i(0.01)	4.610^hi(0.01)	-
25	3	3.810^gh(0.01)	3.850^de(0.01)	3.900^ef(0.01)	3.923^ef(0.01)	4.050^fg(0.01)	4.150^fg(0.01)	4.250^fg(0.01)	4.450 ^f(0.01)	4.600 ^f(0.01)
25	6	3.770 ^cd(0.01)	3.793^b(0.01)	3.827^bc(0.01)	3.850^c(0.01)	3.957^c(0.01)	4.040^c(0.02)	4.123^c(0.03)	4.313 ^cd(0.03)	4.530^c(0.01)
25	9	3.740^a(0.01)	3.750^a(0.01)	3.770^a(0.01)	3.780^a(0.01)	3.890^a(0.01)	3.950^a(0.01)	4.030^a(0.01)	4.210^b(0.01)	4.500^b(0.01)
P value		<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001

a-m Means within a column not sharing a superscript letter are significantly different (p < .05). SD= standard deviation

Table 5. The interaction effect of Neem leaf extract (NLE) dipping and beeswax (BW) coating on the mean ascorbic acid (AA) content (mg/100 g, ±SD) of tomato fruits during storage 36 days of storage period

Treatments		Ascorbic Acid (mg 100 g^−1)
		Storage period (days)
Neem leaf extract dipping (%)	Beeswax coating (%)	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36
0	0	8.297 ^k (0.03)	7.563 ^n (0.02)	6.017 ^gh (0.02)	10.863 ^p (0.02)	12.820 ° (0.01)	10.083 ^a (0.02)	9.253 ^a (0.01)	-	-
0	3	5.717 ^f (0.22)	5.740 ^j (0.02)	6.117 ^hi (0.02)	8.320 ^l (0.01)	9.573 ^k (0.02)	12.500 ^h (0.02)	12.090 ^d (0.01)	12.983 ^e (0.02)	7.877 ^b (0.09)
0	6	5.787 ^fg (0.02)	5.570 ^h (0.02)	5.937 ^fg (0.02)	7.930 ^I (0.01)	9.163 ^I (0.02)	12.010 ^fg (0.02)	12.600 ^I (0.01)	13.440 ^h (0.01)	8.817 ^e (0.02)
0	9	5.463 ^d(0.02)	5.300 ^e (0.02)	5.627 ^cd (0.02)	7.590 ^f (0.01)	8.773 ^f (0.02)	11.520 ^e (0.02)	12.890 ^k (0.01)	13.870 ^k (0.01)	11.067 ^h (0.02)
15	0	6.693 ^j (0.02)	6.140 ^m (0.02)	6.147 ^I (0.02)	9.230 ° (0.01)	11.543 ^n (0.02)	12.540 ^h (0.02)	10.130 ^b (0.01)	7.860 ^b (0.01)	-
15	3	5.833 ^g (0.02)	5.640 ^I (0.02)	6.017 ^gh (0.02)	8.120 ^k (0.01)	9.363 ^j (0.02)	12.570 ^h (0.02)	12.280 ^e (0.01)	13.260 ^f (0.01)	8.270 ^c (0.02)
15	6	5.713 ^f (0.02)	5.530 ^g (0.02)	5.630 ^d (0.23)	7.870 ^h (0.01)	9.093 ^h (0.02)	11.890 ^fg (0.02)	12.550 ^h (0.01)	13.753 ^j (0.01)	10.213 ^g (0.02)
15	9	5.367 ^c (0.02)	5.210 ^d (0.02)	5.527 ^c (0.02)	7.470 ^d (0.01)	8.643 ^d (0.02)	11.320 ^cde (0.02)	13.060 ^l (0.01)	14.500 ° (0.01)	11.903 ^j (0.02)
20	0	6.253 ^I (0.02)	5.890 ^l (0.02)	5.917 ^fg (0.02)	8.770 ^n (0.01)	11.143 ^m (0.02)	13.030 ^I (0.02)	11.310 ^c (0.01)	8.760 ^c (0.01)	-
20	3	5.803 ^fg (0.02)	5.580 ^h (0.02)	5.957 ^fg (0.02)	7.950 ^j (0.01)	9.193 ^I (0.02)	12.040 ^g (0.02)	12.500 ^g (0.01)	13.350 ^g (0.01)	8.553 ^d (0.02)
20	6	5.413 ^cd (0.02)	5.240 ^d (0.02)	5.567 ^cd (0.02)	7.530 ^e (0.01)	8.703 ^e (0.02)	11.410 ^de (0.02)	13.130 ^m (0.01)	13.920 ^l (0.01)	11.543 ^I (0.02)
20	9	5.217 ^b (0.02)	5.090 ^b (0.02)	5.417 ^b (0.02)	7.360 ^b (0.01)	8.510 ^b (0.02)	11.100 ^c (0.02)	13.440 ° (0.01)	14.340 ^n (0.01)	12.427 ^l (0.03)
25	0	6.093 ^h (0.02)	5.820 ^k (0.02)	5.867 ^ef (0.02)	8.420 ^m (0.01)	10.113 ^l (0.02)	12.643 ^h (0.58)	12.340 ^f (0.01)	9.740 ^d (0.01)	-
25	3	5.617 ^e (0.02)	5.410 ^f (0.02)	5.777 ^e (0.02)	7.760 ^g (0.01)	8.917 ^g (0.06)	11.780 ^f (0.02)	12.750 ^j (0.01)	13.540 ^I (0.01)	9.390 ^f (0.02)
25	6	5.263 ^b (0.02)	5.130 ^c (0.02)	5.397 ^b (0.02)	7.430 ^c (0.01)	8.587 ^c (0.01)	11.220 ^cd (0.02)	13.310 ^n (0.01)	14.150 ^m (0.01)	12.050 ^k (0.02)
25	9	5.013 ^a (0.02)	4.983 ^a (0.02)	5.237 ^a(0.02) (0.02)	7.170 ^a (0.01)	8.303 ^a (0.02)	10.850 ^b (0.02)	13.520 ^p (0.01)	14.550 ^p (0.01)	12.703 ^m (0.02)
P value		0.0001	0.0001	0.000	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001

a-p Means within a column not sharing a superscript letter are significantly different (p < .05). SD= standard deviation

Table 6. The interaction effect of Neem leaf extract dipping (NLE) and beeswax coating (BW) on the mean percentage marketability (%, ±SD) of tomato fruits during storage 36 days of storage period

Treatments		Marketability of tomatoes (%)
		Storage period (days)
Neem leaf extract dipping (%)	Beeswax coating (%)	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36
0	0	94.187 ^a (3.00)	91.423 ^a (2.86)	85.710 ^a (2.86)	79.997 ^a (2.86)	71.423 ^a (2.86)	57.140 ^a (2.86)	-	-
0	3	100.000 ^b (0.00)	100.000 ^d (0.00)	91.423 ^bc (2.86)	85.710 ^b (2.86)	82.853 ^bc (2.86)	74.187 ^bc (3.00)	65.710 ^c (2.86)	52.373 ^b (1.65)
0	6	100.000 ^b (0.00)	100.000 ^d (0.00)	94.280 ^cd (2.86)	91.423 ^cd (2.86)	85.710 ^cd (2.86)	79.997 ^de (2.86)	71.423 ^de (2.86)	57.140 ^cd (2.86)
0	9	100.000 ^b (0.00)	100.000 ^d (0.00)	100.000 ^e (0.00)	95.233 ^def (3.30)	88.567 ^de (2.86)	84.760 ^efg (4.36)	77.140 ^fg (2.86)	62.853 ^ef (2.86)
15	0	100.000 ^b (0.00)	94.280 ^b (2.86)	88.567 ^ab (2.86)	85.710 ^b (2.86)	79.997 ^b (2.86)	71.423 ^b (2.86)	57.140 ^b (2.86)	-
15	3	100.000 ^b (0.00)	100.000 ^d (0.00)	94.280 ^cd (2.86)	88.567 ^bc (2.86)	84.757 ^bcd (3.30)	77.140 ^cd (2.86)	68.567 ^cd (2.86)	54.280 ^bc (2.86)
15	6	100.000 ^b (0.00)	100.000 ^d (0.00)	97.140 ^de (2.86)	94.280 ^de (2.86)	88.567 ^de (2.86)	82.853 ^ef (2.86)	74.187 ^ef (3.00)	59.997 ^de (2.86)
15	9	100.000 ^b (0.00)	100.000 ^d (0.00)	100.000 ^e (0.00)	97.140 ^efg (2.86)	94.280 ^fg (2.86)	91.423 ^hi (2.86)	79.997 ^gh (2.86)	65.710 ^fg (2.86)
20	0	100.000 ^b (0.00)	97.140 ^c (2.86)	91.423 ^bc (2.86)	85.710 ^b (2.86)	82.853 ^bc (2.86)	74.187 ^bc (3.00)	59.997 ^b (2.86)	-
20	3	100.000 ^b (0.00)	100.000 ^d (0.00)	95.233 ^cd (3.30)	91.377 ^cd (2.79)	85.710 ^cd (2.86)	79.997 ^de (2.86)	71.423 ^de (2.86)	57.140 ^cd (2.86)
20	6	100.000 ^b (0.00)	100.000 ^d (0.00)	100.000 ^e (0.00)	97.140 ^efg (2.86)	91.423 ^ef (2.86)	85.710 ^fg (2.86)	77.140 ^fg (2.86)	62.853 ^ef (2.86)
20	9	100.000 ^b (0.00)	100.000 ^d (0.00)	100.000 ^e (0.00)	100.000 ^g (0.00)	94.280 ^fg (2.86)	91.423 ^hi (2.86)	82.853 ^h (2.86)	68.473 ^gh (2.72)
25	0	100.000 ^b (0.00)	98.093 ^cd (1.65)	91.423 ^bc (2.86)	88.567 ^bc (2.86)	85.710 ^cd (2.86)	74.187 ^bc (3.00)	60.663 ^b (3.08)	-
25	3	100.000 ^b (0.00)	100.000 ^d (0.00)	97.140 ^de (2.86)	94.280 ^de (2.86)	88.567 ^de (2.86)	82.853 ^ef (2.86)	71.423 ^de (2.86)	59.997 ^de (2.86)
25	6	100.000 ^b (0.00)	100.000 ^d (0.00)	100.000 ^e (0.00)	99.047 ^fg (1.65)	91.423 ^ef (2.86)	88.567 ^gh (2.86)	77.233 ^fg (2.86)	65.710 ^fg (2.86)
25	9	100.000 ^b (0.00)	100.000 ^d (0.00)	100.000 ^e (0.00)	100.000 ^g (0.00)	97.140 ^g (2.86)	94.280 ^I (2.86)	82.853 ^h (2.86)	71.423 ^h (2.86)
P value		0.0001	0.002	0.414	0.906	0.262	0.040	0.0001	0.133

a-i Means within a column not sharing a superscript letter are significantly different (p < .05). SD= standard deviation

Table 7. The interaction effect of Neem leaf extract dipping (NLE) and beeswax coating (BW) on the mean percentage decay (%, ±SD) of tomato fruits during storage 36 days of storage period

Treatments		Decay (%)
		Storage period (days)
Neem leaf extract dipping (%)	Beeswax coating (%)	12	16	20	24	28	32	36
0	0	5.710 ^b (2.86)	14.280 ^e(2.86)	22.853 ^h(2.86)	34.280 ^k(2.86)	72.373 ^l(1.65)	-	-
0	3	0.000 ^a(0.00)	3.803 ^b(1.65)	11.423 ^de(2.86)	19.997 ^gh(2.86)	25.710 ^hi(2.86)	33.327 ^i(1.65)	71.423 ^l(2.86)
0	6	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	5.710 ^bc(2.86)	14.280 ^ef(2.86)	17.140 ^ef(2.86)	25.710 ^fg(2.86)	62.570 ^ij(2.90)
0	9	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	2.853 ^ab(2.86)	11.423 ^de(2.86)	14.280 ^de(2.86)	19.997 ^de(2.86)	54.280 ^fg(2.86)
15	0	0.000 ^a(0.00)	11.423 ^d(2.86)	19.997 ^gh(2.86)	28.567 ^j(2.86)	34.280 ^k(2.86)	68.567 ^k(2.86)	-
15	3	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	8.567 ^cd(2.86)	17.140 ^fg(2.86)	22.853 ^gh(2.86)	31.423 ^hi(2.86)	68.567 ^kl(2.86)
15	6	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	2.853 ^ab(2.86)	11.423 ^de(2.86)	14.280 ^de(2.86)	22.853 ^ef(2.86)	57.140 ^gh(2.86)
15	9	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	5.710 ^bc(2.86)	8.567 ^bc(2.86)	17.140 ^cd(2.86)	48.567 ^de(2.86)
20	0	0.000 ^a(0.00)	8.567 ^c(2.86)	17.140 ^fg(2.86)	25.710 ^ij(2.86)	31.423 ^jk(2.86)	65.427 ^jk(3.29)	-
20	3	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	8.567 ^cd(2.86)	17.140 ^fg(2.86)	19.997 ^fg(2.86)	28.567 ^gh(2.86)	65.427 ^jk(3.29)
20	6	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	8.567 ^cd(2.86)	11.377 ^cd(2.86)	19.997 ^de(2.86)	51.423 ^ef(2.86)
20	9	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	5.710 ^ab(2.86)	14.280 ^bc(2.86)	42.853 ^bc(2.86)
25	0	0.000 ^a(0.00)	5.710 ^b(2.86)	14.280 ^ef(2.86)	22.853 ^hi(2.86)	28.567 ^ij(2.86)	62.570 ^j(2.90)	-
25	3	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	5.710 ^bc(2.86)	14.280 ^ef(2.86)	17.140 ^ef(2.86)	25.710 ^fg(2.86)	59.713 ^hi2.44
25	6	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	2.853 ^ab(2.86)	5.710 ^ab(2.86)	14.280 ^bc(2.86)	45.710 ^cd(2.86)
25	9	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	0.000 ^a(0.00)	2.853 ^a(2.86)	11.423 ^b(2.86)	39.997 ^b(2.86)
P value		0.0001	0.001	0.578	0.218	0.0001	0.0001	0.000

a-l Means within a column not sharing a superscript letter are significantly different (p < .05). SD= standard deviation

Table 8. The interaction effect of Neem leaf extract dipping (NLE) and beeswax coating (BW) on the mean shelf life (days, +SD) of tomato fruits during storage 36 days of storage period

Treatments		shelf-life (days)
Neem leaf extract dipping (%)	Beeswax coating (%)
0	0	28 ^a (0.00)
0	3	34^d (0.58)
0	6	34 ^d (0.00)
0	9	35^e (0.00)
15	0	32^b (0.58)
15	3	34^d (0.00)
15	6	35^e (0.00)
15	9	36 ^f (0.00)
20	0	33^c (0.58)
20	3	34^d (0.00)
20	6	36 ^f (0.58)
20	9	36 ^f (0.00)
25	0	33^c (0.00)
25	3	35^e (0.58)
25	6	36 ^f (0.00)
25	9	36 ^f (0.00)
P value		0.0001

a-f Means within a column not sharing a superscript letter are significantly different (p < .05). SD= standard deviation

Table 9. Correlation coefficient (Pearson (n)) of the interaction effect of Neem leaf extract dipping and beeswax coating on shelf life and quality of tomato fruits at the 20^th day of storage period

Variables	TA	WL	AA	pH	TSS	Marketability	Decay	Shelf life
TA						0.929		0.913
WL	−0.909		0.831	0.911	0.925		0.926
AA	−0.934			0.967	0.947		0.953
pH	−0.963				0.959		0.965
TSS	−0.946						0.962
Marketability		−0.949	−0.894	−0.956	−0.957		0.998	0.919
Decay	−0.959					−0.951
Shelf-life		−0.841	−0.964	−0.968	−0.927		−0.939

Values in bold are different from 0 with a significance level alpha=0.05

Figure 1. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the interaction effect of Neem leaf extract dipping (NLE) and beeswax coating (BW) on shelf life and quality of tomato fruits.

Figure 2. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) analysis of the interaction effect of Neem leaf extract dipping (NLE) and beeswax coating (BW) on shelf life and quality of tomato fruits.