Recent updates and perspectives of fermented healthy super food sauerkraut: a review

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic representation of Sauerkraut production.

Table 1. Nutritional composition of sauerkraut.

Nutrient	Content (per 100 g fresh weight)
Protein	0.91 g
Fat	0.14 g
Carbohydrates	4.28 g
Total dietary fibers	2.9 g
Sugars (total)	1.78 g
Glucose	0.14 g
Fructose	0.04 g
Calcium	30 mg
Iron	1.47 mg
Magnesium	13 mg
Phosphorus	20 mg
Potassium	170 mg
Sodium	661 mg
Zinc	0.19 mg
Copper	0.096 mg
Manganese	0.15 mg
Selenium	0.6 μg
Fluorine	0.7 μg
Vitamin c	14.7 mg
Thiamin	0.021 mg
Riboflavin	0.022 mg
Niacin	0.143 mg
Pantothenic acid	0.093 mg
Vitamin B6	0.130 mg
Folic acid	24 μg
Vitamin A	1 μg
Β-Carotene	8 μg
Vitamin E	0.14 μg
Vitamin K	13.0 μg

Source*:^[19]

Table 2. Therapeutic potential of sauerkraut.

Therapeutic attributes	Therapeutic components	Functions	References
Antioxidant Benefits	Vitamin E, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, allyl isothiocyanate, phenyl isothiocyanate	Free radical scavengers, Inhibiting LDL oxidation,	^[Citation19,Citation36,Citation37]
Immunity booster	Leuconostoc mesenteroides, D-phenyl lactic acid	Regulation of the immune system, activation of immune cells	^[Citation38,Citation39]
Anti-carcinogenic	Ascorbigen, Isothiocyanates,	Inhibiting carcinogen activation and increasing their detoxification, DNA protection by modulating enzymes and blocking gene mutations	^[Citation16,Citation40,Citation41]
Anti-inflammatory	Allyl isothiocyanate, indol-3-carbinol,	inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes	^[Citation36,Citation42]

Figure 2. Health benefits of consuming sauerkraut.

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