Figures & data
Table 1. Antioxidant profiles of medicinal plants.
Table 2. Isolated antioxidant compounds in medicinal plants.
Figure 1. Antioxidant assays on live cell based on chemical stress inducers. (A) using H2O2 as stress inducer in catalase-like assay; The antioxidant activities can be obtained as the capability of inhibiting H2O2-induced cellular effects, e.g., DNA degradation or cell apoptosis. (B) Cell antioxidant assay using 2,2′-azobis(2-amidino propane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) as the stress inducer. 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate is trapped inside the cell as 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin, which could transform by peroxidation products into the fluorescent 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein; The antioxidant effects are determined as the capacity of inhibiting AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation formation (Adapted from[Citation133]).
![Figure 1. Antioxidant assays on live cell based on chemical stress inducers. (A) using H2O2 as stress inducer in catalase-like assay; The antioxidant activities can be obtained as the capability of inhibiting H2O2-induced cellular effects, e.g., DNA degradation or cell apoptosis. (B) Cell antioxidant assay using 2,2′-azobis(2-amidino propane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) as the stress inducer. 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate is trapped inside the cell as 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin, which could transform by peroxidation products into the fluorescent 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein; The antioxidant effects are determined as the capacity of inhibiting AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation formation (Adapted from[Citation133]).](/cms/asset/a767a42b-7ae1-4401-bbb6-a5db150c1558/ljfp_a_2157425_f0001_oc.jpg)
Figure 2. Photo-induced ROS production-based antioxidant/oxidant balance (AOP)1 assay, live cell antioxidant assay. (1) prior to photoinduction, there is massive removal of TO from cell by efflux transport proteins; (2) the initiation of photoinduction occurs via energy transfer from thiazole Orange (TO) to triplet state ‘molecular oxygen’ forming singlet oxygen, followed by free radicals (ROS); (3) The free radicals alter the efflux transport of TO and other functions of the cell; (4) TO’s massive entry triggers fluorescence emission increase. The effect can be measured as the capability of antioxidants to quench the production of ROS, ensuring TO is kept out of the cells, causing low fluorescence (Adapted from[Citation133]).
![Figure 2. Photo-induced ROS production-based antioxidant/oxidant balance (AOP)1 assay, live cell antioxidant assay. (1) prior to photoinduction, there is massive removal of TO from cell by efflux transport proteins; (2) the initiation of photoinduction occurs via energy transfer from thiazole Orange (TO) to triplet state ‘molecular oxygen’ forming singlet oxygen, followed by free radicals (ROS); (3) The free radicals alter the efflux transport of TO and other functions of the cell; (4) TO’s massive entry triggers fluorescence emission increase. The effect can be measured as the capability of antioxidants to quench the production of ROS, ensuring TO is kept out of the cells, causing low fluorescence (Adapted from[Citation133]).](/cms/asset/59d8c742-0201-48fd-9848-e4bdb84dc22e/ljfp_a_2157425_f0002_oc.jpg)
Table 3. Recent studies done on medicinal plants, their phytochemical and biological properties.