Physicochemical evaluation of okra residue obtained after pectin extraction

Figures & data

Figure 1. Pectin extraction and okra residue preparation.

Table 1. Proximate composition of okra residue after pectin extraction.

	Okra residue
Proximate	Asha	Balabi	Agbagoma
Moisture (%)	4.71 ± 0.15^a	5.09 ± 0.08^b	5.94 ± 0.01^a
Ash (%)	21.99 ± 0.09^b	19.55 ± 0.18^a	21.96 ± 0.29^b
Protein (%)	3.30 ± 0.57^b	3.62 ± 0.30^b	0.87 ± 0.06^a
Carbohydrate (%)	70.00 ± 0.62^a	71.74 ± 0.12^b	71.23 ± 0.35^b
Acid insoluble ash (%)	1.56 ± 0.23^a	1.42 ± 0.52^a	2.36 ± 0.28^a

Note: Values are mean ± SD. Mean values in a row with different superscript letter are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table 2. Minerals content of okra residue.

	Okra residue
Mineral	Asha	Balabi	Agbagoma
Sodium (mg/100 g)	3.80 ± 0.00^a	3.93 ± 0.00^a	3.84 ± 0.00^a
Potassium (mg/100 g)	9.27 ± 0.00^b	8.59 ± 0.00^a	9.02 ± 0.00^b
Calcium (mg/100 g)	0.19 ± 0.00^a	0.13 ± 0.00^a	0.14 ± 0.02^a
Magnesium (mg/100 g)	0.003 ± 0.000^a	0.002 ± 0.000^a	0.002 ± 0.000^a

Note: Values are mean ± SD. Mean values in a row with different superscript letter are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table 3. Functional properties of okra residue.

	Okra residue
Functional property	Asha	Balabi	Agbagoma
Swelling power (%)	10.82 ± 0.44^b	8.15 ± 0.51^a	9.10 ± 0.18^a
Solubility index (%)	26.84 ± 1.15^b	23.64 ± 0.59^ab	18.2 ± 3.13^a
Oil absorption capacity (%)	216.76 ± 24.19^a	318.49 ± 55.46^a	308.32 ± 12.53^a
Water absorption capacity (%)	579.30 ± 98.35^a	617.87 ± 48.70 ^a	546.17 ± 82.47^a

Note: Values are presented as the mean ± SD of duplicates determinations. Mean values in a row with different superscript letter are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table 4. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the okra residue.

	Okra residue
Property	Asha	Balabi	Agbagoma
Total phenolic (mg GAE/100 g)	30.78 ± 5.42^a	33.58 ± 8.98^a	13.85 ± 0.76^b
Antioxidant activity (%)	8.01 ± 0.95^a	15.15 ± 0.77^b	7.13 ± 1.21^c

Note: Values are mean ± SD. Mean values in a row with different superscript letter are significantly different (p < 0.05).